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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Surg / Stimulation of subchondral bone cyst healing by placement of...
Veterinary surgery : VS2019; 48(7); 1194-1203; doi: 10.1111/vsu.13247

Stimulation of subchondral bone cyst healing by placement of a transcondylar screw in the equine medial femoral condyle.

Abstract: To predict the bone formation stimulus of a transcondylar screw across an equine subchondral bone cyst (SBC) in an equine medial femoral condyle (MFC). Methods: Finite element modeling (FEM) of an equine MFC with a 2 cm SBC under several transcondylar screw conditions. Methods: The right stifle of a yearling thoroughbred without stifle disease that had been euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study and donated to the University. Methods: The FEM was derived from computed tomography of a yearling thoroughbred and analyzed in ABAQUS v6.14. The transcondylar screw was modeled as a 4.5-mm stainless steel cylinder. The region of interest was the centrodistal MFC, and bone stimulus was calculated. The stimulus threshold for bone formation (BFT) was >60 MPa and is presented as the percentage of total bone surface area (BFA) and frontal plane maps. Principal compressive stress vectors were also determined. Tested variables were daily cycles, load, and screw compression and position. Results: At 750 cycles and 900-N load, <3% of the BFA exceeded the BFT. Increases in BFA > BFT occurred proportionally with load, screw compression, and daily cycles (steps). Compressive stress was oriented vertically on the SBC surface without a screw but aligned with the long axis of well-placed lag screws. Screw placement through the void also increased the number and magnitude of compressive vectors. Conclusions: This model predicted that a transcondylar lag screw across an MFC SBC increased surface BFA stimulation and reoriented the compression vector. Increasing screw compression, load, and steps per day increased the bone formation stimulus. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that supports the use of a lag screw thorough an MFC SBC to promote bone formation.
© 2019 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
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Publication Date: 2019-06-02 PubMed ID: 31155750DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13247Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study predicts that inserting a transcondylar screw through horse subchondral bone cyst can stimulate bone formation. The study employed finite element modeling to understand the bone stimulation patterns under different conditions.

Methods

  • The study involved an equine medial femoral condyle (MFC) containing a subchondral bone cyst (SBC) of 2cm. This was derived with the aid of finite element modeling (FEM).
  • The specimen used was the right stifle of a healthy yearling thoroughbred which had been euthanized for unrelated reasons and donated to the university.
  • The FEM was created from computed tomography scans of the yearling thoroughbred and then analyzed with the software ABAQUS v6.14.
  • The transcondylar screw was modelled as a 4.5mm stainless steel cylinder. The target region was the centrodistal MFC, wherein the bone stimulation calculations were carried out.
  • Appling greater than 60MPa of stress was determined as the stimulus threshold required for bone formation (BFT). The outputs were represented as a percentage of the total bone surface area (BFA) and frontal plane maps.
  • Further analysis determined the principal compressive stress vectors. Various conditions such as daily cycles, screw compression and position, and load were tested to understand their impact on bone formation.

Results

  • At 750 cycles and 900-N load, less than 3% of total bone surface area (BFA) exceeded the stimulus threshold for bone formation (BFT).
  • The study observed proportionate increases in BFA>BFT with increases in load, screw compression and daily cycles (“steps”).
  • The compressive stress was found to be vertically oriented on the SBC surface without a screw, but it aligned with the longitudinal axis of the tightly placed lag screws.
  • Placing a screw through the void also increased the number and magnitude of the compressive vectors.

Conclusions

  • The finite element model used in the study predicted that a transcondylar lag screw used across an MFC SBC increased BFA stimulation and led to a reorientation of the compression vector.
  • The study found that bone formation stimulus increased with increases in screw compression, load, and steps per day.
  • Overall, the study provides evidence supporting the usage of a lag screw through an MFC SBC to promote bone formation in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Frazer LL, Santschi EM, Fischer KJ. (2019). Stimulation of subchondral bone cyst healing by placement of a transcondylar screw in the equine medial femoral condyle. Vet Surg, 48(7), 1194-1203. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13247

Publication

Veterinary surgery : VS
ISSN: 1532-950X
NlmUniqueID: 8113214
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 48
Issue: 7
Pages: 1194-1203

Researcher Affiliations

Frazer, Lance L
  • Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
Santschi, Elizabeth M
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.
Fischer, Kenneth J
  • Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Bone Cysts / surgery
  • Bone Cysts / veterinary
  • Bone Screws / veterinary
  • Cadaver
  • Femur / pathology
  • Femur / surgery
  • Horse Diseases / surgery
  • Horses
  • Stifle

Grant Funding

  • 001 / Madison and Lila Self Graduate Fellowship, University of Kansas

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This article includes 25 references
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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Pál Z, Bodó G. Osteochondral allograft transplantation for treating medial femoral condyle subchondral bone cyst in a 14-year-old standardbred horse: a case report.. J Vet Sci 2023 May;24(3):e31.
    doi: 10.4142/jvs.22239pubmed: 37271502google scholar: lookup
  2. Song D, Ma Y, Zhang L, Ma Q. Intermediate frequency electrotherapy stimulation to the medial femoris muscle for functional recovery of knee joint after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.. Pak J Med Sci 2022 Mar-Apr;38(3Part-I):652-656.
    doi: 10.12669/pjms.38.3.5298pubmed: 35480521google scholar: lookup
  3. Moreno CR, Santschi EM, Janes J, Liu J, Kim DG, Litsky AS. Compression generated by cortical screws in an artificial bone model of an equine medial femoral condylar cyst.. Vet Surg 2022 Jul;51(5):833-842.
    doi: 10.1111/vsu.13814pubmed: 35394080google scholar: lookup
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