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Frontiers in physiology2018; 9; 272; doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00272

Strongyle Infection and Gut Microbiota: Profiling of Resistant and Susceptible Horses Over a Grazing Season.

Abstract: Gastrointestinal strongyles are a major threat to horses' health and welfare. Given that strongyles inhabit the same niche as the gut microbiota, they may interact with each other. These beneficial or detrimental interactions are unknown in horses and could partly explain contrasted susceptibility to infection between individuals. To address these questions, an experimental pasture trial with 20 worm-free female Welsh ponies (10 susceptible (S) and 10 resistant (R) to parasite infection) was implemented for 5 months. Fecal egg counts (FEC), hematological and biochemical data, body weight and gut microbiological composition were studied in each individual after 0, 24, 43, 92 and 132 grazing days. R and S ponies displayed divergent immunological profiles and slight differences in microbiological composition under worm-free conditions. After exposure to natural infection, the predicted R ponies exhibited lower FEC after 92 and 132 grazing days, and maintained higher levels of circulating monocytes and eosinophils, while lymphocytosis persisted in S ponies. Although the overall gut microbiota diversity and structure remained similar during the parasite infection between the two groups, S ponies exhibited a reduction of bacteria such as XIVa and members of the family, which may have promoted a disruption of mucosal homeostasis at day 92. In line with this hypothesis, an increase in pathobionts such as and together with changes in several predicted immunological pathways, including pathogen sensing, lipid metabolism, and activation of signal transduction that are critical for the regulation of immune system and energy homeostasis were observed in S relative to R ponies. Moreover, S ponies displayed an increase in protozoan concentrations at day 92, suggesting that strongyles and protozoa may contribute to each other's success in the equine intestines. It could also be that S individuals favor the increase of these carbohydrate-degrading microorganisms to enhance the supply of nutrients needed to fight strongyle infection. Overall, this study provides a foundation to better understand the mechanisms that underpin the relationship between equines and natural strongyle infection. The profiling of horse immune response and gut microbiota should contribute to the development of novel biomarkers for strongyle infection.
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Publication Date: 2018-03-21 PubMed ID: 29618989PubMed Central: PMC5871743DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00272Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study examines the link between gastrointestinal strongyles (parasites) and the gut microbiota in horses, and how these interactions could be the reason for varying susceptibility to infection in different horses. The focus is on assessing how the infection’s development and resistance varies in horses and its impact on their health.

Research Methodology

The approach of the study involved a pasture trial with 20 female Welsh ponies that were free from worms. These ponies were divided into two groups – susceptible (S) and resistant (R) – based on their susceptibility to parasite infection. The experiment spanned over five months during which the health metrics of the ponies were observed.

  • The parameters studied were fecal egg counts (FEC), hematological and biochemical data, body weight, and gut microbiological composition.
  • These attributes were studied at different points, specifically at the start, after 24, 43, 92, and 132 grazing days.

Findings

Divergent Immunological Profiles and Microbiological Composition

  • The susceptible (S) and resistant (R) ponies exhibited different immune reactions and slight differences in their gut microbiological composition under worm-free conditions.

Effects of Natural Infection Exposure

  • After being exposed to natural infection, the R ponies showed lower FEC counts after 92 and 132 grazing days and maintained higher levels of circling monocytes and eosinophils, while S ponies displayed persistent lymphocytosis.

Differences in Gut Microbiota

  • While the overall gut microbiota diversity and structure remained similar between the two groups during the parasite infection, S ponies exhibited a reduction in certain types of bacteria, which might have caused a disruption in mucosal homeostasis.
  • S ponies also showed an increase in pathobionts (potentially harmful microbes) along with changes in several predicted immunological pathways involved in sensing pathogens, lipid metabolism, and signal transduction.
  • This group also experienced an increase in protozoan concentrations at day 92 which is likely to suggest that strongyles and protozoa might be promoting each other’s success in the horse intestines.

Conclusion

Based on the findings, the study lays the groundwork for understanding the relationship between horses and natural strongyle infections. The research proposes that the profiling of a horse’s immune response and gut microbiota could contribute to the development of new biomarkers indicative of strongyle infection. It was also suggested that susceptible horses might enhance carbohydrate-degrading microorganisms to boost nutrient supply in fighting against the strongyle infection.

Cite This Article

APA
Clark A, Sallé G, Ballan V, Reigner F, Meynadier A, Cortet J, Koch C, Riou M, Blanchard A, Mach N. (2018). Strongyle Infection and Gut Microbiota: Profiling of Resistant and Susceptible Horses Over a Grazing Season. Front Physiol, 9, 272. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00272

Publication

Frontiers in physiology
ISSN: 1664-042X
NlmUniqueID: 101549006
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 272
PII: 272

Researcher Affiliations

Clark, Allison
  • Department of Health Science, Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
Sallé, Guillaume
  • UMR 1282, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université François-Rabelais, Nouzilly, France.
Ballan, Valentine
  • UMR 1313, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Reigner, Fabrice
  • UEPAO 1297, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, Nouzilly, France.
Meynadier, Annabelle
  • UMR 1388, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, GenPhySE, Toulouse, France.
Cortet, Jacques
  • UMR 1282, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université François-Rabelais, Nouzilly, France.
Koch, Christine
  • UMR 1282, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université François-Rabelais, Nouzilly, France.
Riou, Mickaël
  • UE-1277, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, Nouzilly, France.
Blanchard, Alexandra
  • UMR 1282, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université François-Rabelais, Nouzilly, France.
  • Pancosma SA, Geneva, Switzerland.
Mach, Núria
  • UMR 1313, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.

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