FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Molecular and cellular biochemistry1983; 57(2); 127-146; doi: 10.1007/BF00849190

Structural and functional properties of the non-muscle tropomyosins.

Abstract: The non-muscle tropomyosins (TMs), isolated from such tissues as platelets, brain and thyroid, are structurally very similar to the muscle TMs, being composed of two highly alpha-helical subunits wound around each other to form a rod-like molecule. The non-muscle TMs are shorter than the muscle TMs; sequence analysis demonstrates that each subunit of equine platelet TM consists of 247 amino acids, 37 fewer than for skeletal muscle TM. The major differences in sequence between platelet and skeletal muscle TM are found near the amino and carboxyl terminal ends of the proteins. Probably as the result of such alterations, the non-muscle TMs aggregate in a linear end-to-end manner much more weakly than do the muscle TMs. Since end-to-end interactions are responsible for the highly cooperative manner in which TM binds to actin, the non-muscle TMs have a lower affinity for actin filaments than do the muscle TMs. However, the attachment of other proteins to actin (e.g. the Tn-I subunit of skeletal muscle troponin or the S-1 subfragment of skeletal muscle myosin) can increase the affinity of actin filaments for non-muscle TM. The non-muscle TMs interact functionally with the Tn-I component of skeletal muscle troponin to inhibit the ATPase activity of muscle actomyosin and with whole troponin to regulate the muscle actomyosin ATPase in a Ca++-dependent manner, even though one of the binding sites for troponin on skeletal TM is missing in non-muscle TM. A novel actomyosin regulatory system can be produced using Tn-I, calmodulin and non-muscle TM; in this case inhibition is released when the non-muscle TM detaches from the actin filament in the presence of Ca++. Although it has not yet been demonstrated that the non-muscle TMs participate in a Ca++-dependent contractile regulatory system in vivo it does appear that they are associated with actin filaments in vivo.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1983-01-01 PubMed ID: 6361516DOI: 10.1007/BF00849190Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.
  • Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores the structural and functional properties of non-muscle tropomyosins (TMs) found in tissues like platelets, brain, and thyroid, comparing them with muscle TMs. It portrays non-muscle TMs as shorter, sequencing and functional differences, particularly in their interaction with actin filaments and ATPase activity regulation.

Structural Differences

  • The researchers identify a structural similarity between non-muscle and muscle TMs as rod-like molecules arising from two highly alpha-helical subunits coiled together. However, non-muscle TMs are smaller, the study showing that each subunit of equine platelet TM has 247 amino acids, 37 less than skeletal muscle TMs.
  • The key sequencing variations between platelet and skeletal muscle TM occur near the proteins’ amino and carboxyl terminal ends. Such alterations seemingly cause non-muscle TMs to aggregate in a linear end-to-end format with less robustness than muscle TMs.

Functional Differences

  • The study suggests that due to their end-to-end interactions facilitating TM’s cooperative tie to actin, non-muscle TMs exhibit a reduced affinity for actin filaments as opposed to muscle TMs. However, they note that when other proteins (e.g., the Tn-I subunit of skeletal muscle troponin or the S-1 subfragment of skeletal muscle myosin) attach to actin, the affinity of actin filaments for non-muscle TM can increase.
  • Despite one of the troponin binding sites on skeletal TM missing on non-muscle TM, non-muscle TMs interact functionally with the Tn-I component of skeletal muscle troponin. This interaction inhibits the ATPase activity of muscle actomyosin while regulating muscle actomyosin ATPase in a Ca++-dependent approach.
  • The researchers also described a unique actomyosin regulatory method using Tn-I, calmodulin, and non-muscle TM, which releases inhibition when the non-muscle TM detaches from the actin filament in Ca++ presence.

Non-Muscle TM Association with Actin Filaments In Vivo

  • While the study doesn’t establish whether non-muscle TMs participate in a Ca++-dependent contractile regulatory system in vivo, the evidence suggests they are linked with actin filaments in vivo.

Cite This Article

APA
Côté GP. (1983). Structural and functional properties of the non-muscle tropomyosins. Mol Cell Biochem, 57(2), 127-146. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00849190

Publication

Molecular and cellular biochemistry
ISSN: 0300-8177
NlmUniqueID: 0364456
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 57
Issue: 2
Pages: 127-146

Researcher Affiliations

Côté, G P

    MeSH Terms

    • Amino Acid Sequence
    • Amino Acids / analysis
    • Animals
    • Blood Platelets / analysis
    • Brain Chemistry
    • Cattle
    • Chickens
    • Fibroblasts / analysis
    • Horses
    • Humans
    • Molecular Weight
    • Muscles / analysis
    • Protein Conformation
    • Rabbits
    • Species Specificity
    • Swine
    • Thyroid Gland / analysis
    • Tissue Distribution
    • Tropomyosin / analysis
    • Troponin / analysis

    References

    This article includes 118 references
    1. McLachlan AD, Stewart M. Tropomyosin coiled-coil interactions: evidence for an unstaggered structure.. J Mol Biol 1975 Oct 25;98(2):293-304.
      pubmed: 1195389doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80119-7google scholar: lookup
    2. Schloss JA, Goldman RD. Microfilaments and tropomyosin of cultured mammalian cells: isolation and characterization.. J Cell Biol 1980 Dec;87(3 Pt 1):633-42.
      pubmed: 6893987doi: 10.1083/jcb.87.3.633google scholar: lookup
    3. Pearlstone JR, Smillie LB. Binding of troponin-T fragments to several types of tropomyosin. Sensitivity to Ca2+ in the presence of troponin-C.. J Biol Chem 1982 Sep 25;257(18):10587-92.
      pubmed: 7107628
    4. Chalovich JM, Eisenberg E. Inhibition of actomyosin ATPase activity by troponin-tropomyosin without blocking the binding of myosin to actin.. J Biol Chem 1982 Mar 10;257(5):2432-7.
      pubmed: 6460759
    5. Cohen C, Longley W. Tropomyosin paracrystals formed by divalent cations.. Science 1966 May 6;152(3723):794-6.
      pubmed: 17797461doi: 10.1126/science.152.3723.794google scholar: lookup
    6. Lewis WG, Cote GP, Mak AS, Smillie LB. Amino acid sequence of equine platelet tropomyosin. Correlation with interaction properties.. FEBS Lett 1983 Jun 13;156(2):269-73.
      pubmed: 6852260doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80511-0google scholar: lookup
    7. Stone D, Smillie LB. The amino acid sequence of rabbit skeletal alpha-tropomyosin. The NH2-terminal half and complete sequence.. J Biol Chem 1978 Feb 25;253(4):1137-48.
      pubmed: 624724
    8. Taylor EW. Mechanism of actomyosin ATPase and the problem of muscle contraction.. CRC Crit Rev Biochem 1979;6(2):103-64.
      pubmed: 156624doi: 10.3109/10409237909102562google scholar: lookup
    9. Ohtsuki I. Molecular arrangement of troponin-T in the thin filament.. J Biochem 1979 Aug;86(2):491-7.
      pubmed: 479140doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a132549google scholar: lookup
    10. Zeece MG, Robson RM, Bechtel PJ. Interaction of alpha-actinin, filamin and tropomyosin with F-actin.. Biochim Biophys Acta 1979 Dec 14;581(2):365-70.
      pubmed: 518922doi: 10.1016/0005-2795(79)90258-7google scholar: lookup
    11. Eisenberg E, Greene LE. The relation of muscle biochemistry to muscle physiology.. Annu Rev Physiol 1980;42:293-309.
      pubmed: 6996582doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.42.030180.001453google scholar: lookup
    12. Sobieszek A. Steady-state kinetic studies on the actin activation of skeletal muscle heavy meromyosin subfragments. Effects of skeletal, smooth and non-muscle tropomyosins.. J Mol Biol 1982 May 15;157(2):275-86.
      pubmed: 6213786doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90234-0google scholar: lookup
    13. Cummins P, Perry SV. The subunits and biological activity of polymorphic forms of tropomyosin.. Biochem J 1973 Aug;133(4):765-77.
      pubmed: 4270662doi: 10.1042/bj1330765google scholar: lookup
    14. Pearlstone JR, Smillie LB. Effects of troponin-I plus-C on the binding of troponin-T and its fragments to alpha-tropomyosin. Ca2+ sensitivity and cooperativity.. J Biol Chem 1983 Feb 25;258(4):2534-42.
      pubmed: 6822572
    15. Hitchcock SE. Regulation of muscle contraction: bindings of troponin and its components to actin and tropomyosin.. Eur J Biochem 1975 Mar 17;52(2):255-63.
      pubmed: 126151doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb03993.xgoogle scholar: lookup
    16. Katayama E. Interaction of troponin-I with troponin-T and its fragment.. J Biochem 1979 May;85(5):1379-81.
      pubmed: 447622
    17. Tanaka H. The helix content of tropomyosin and the interaction between tropomyosin and F-actin under various conditions.. Biochim Biophys Acta 1972 Oct 31;278(3):556-66.
      pubmed: 5085672doi: 10.1016/0005-2795(72)90015-3google scholar: lookup
    18. Potter JD, Gergely J. Troponin, tropomyosin, and actin interactions in the Ca2+ regulation of muscle contraction.. Biochemistry 1974 Jun 18;13(13):2697-703.
      pubmed: 4847540doi: 10.1021/bi00710a007google scholar: lookup
    19. Byers HR, Fujiwara K. Stress fibers in cells in situ: immunofluorescence visualization with antiactin, antimyosin, and anti-alpha-actinin.. J Cell Biol 1982 Jun;93(3):804-11.
      pubmed: 6749863doi: 10.1083/jcb.93.3.804google scholar: lookup
    20. Klee CB, Crouch TH, Richman PG. Calmodulin.. Annu Rev Biochem 1980;49:489-515.
      pubmed: 6250447doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.49.070180.002421google scholar: lookup
    21. Côté GP, Smillie LB. The interaction of equine platelet tropomyosin with skeletal muscle actin.. J Biol Chem 1981 Jul 25;256(14):7257-61.
      pubmed: 6894754
    22. Eaton BL. Tropomyosin binding to F-actin induced by myosin heads.. Science 1976 Jun 25;192(4246):1337-9.
      pubmed: 131972doi: 10.1126/science.131972google scholar: lookup
    23. Fine RE, Blitz AL, Hitchcock SE, Kaminer B. Tropomyosin in brain and growing neurones.. Nat New Biol 1973 Oct 10;245(145):182-6.
      pubmed: 4270271doi: 10.1038/newbio245182a0google scholar: lookup
    24. Blikstad I, Markey F, Carlsson L, Persson T, Lindberg U. Selective assay of monomeric and filamentous actin in cell extracts, using inhibition of deoxyribonuclease I.. Cell 1978 Nov;15(3):935-43.
      pubmed: 728995doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90277-5google scholar: lookup
    25. Maupin-Szamier P, Pollard TD. Actin filament destruction by osmium tetroxide.. J Cell Biol 1978 Jun;77(3):837-52.
      pubmed: 28332doi: 10.1083/jcb.77.3.837google scholar: lookup
    26. Greene LE, Eisenberg E. Cooperative binding of myosin subfragment-1 to the actin-troponin-tropomyosin complex.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980 May;77(5):2616-20.
      pubmed: 6930656doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.5.2616google scholar: lookup
    27. Maimon J, Puszkin S. Erythrocyte troponin inhibitor-like protein: isolation and characterization.. J Supramol Struct 1978;9(1):131-41.
      pubmed: 153437doi: 10.1002/jss.400090113google scholar: lookup
    28. Carmon Y, Neuman S, Yaffe D. Synthesis of tropomyosin in myogenic cultures and in RNA-directed cell-free systems: qualitative changes in the polypeptides.. Cell 1978 Jun;14(2):393-401.
      pubmed: 667947doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90124-1google scholar: lookup
    29. Parry DA, Squire JM. Structural role of tropomyosin in muscle regulation: analysis of the x-ray diffraction patterns from relaxed and contracting muscles.. J Mol Biol 1973 Mar 25;75(1):33-55.
      pubmed: 4713300doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90527-5google scholar: lookup
    30. Chong PC, Hodges RS. Photochemical cross-linking between rabbit skeletal troponin and alpha-tropomyosin. Attachment of the photoaffinity probe N-(4-azidobenzoyl-[2-3H]glycyl)-S-(2-thiopyridyl)-cysteine to cysteine 190 of alpha-tropomyosin.. J Biol Chem 1982 Aug 10;257(15):9152-60.
      pubmed: 7096357
    31. Markey F, Lindberg U, Eriksson L. Human platelets contain profilin, a potential regulator of actin polymerisability.. FEBS Lett 1978 Apr 1;88(1):75-9.
      pubmed: 639995doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80610-3google scholar: lookup
    32. Lazarides E, Revel JP. The molecular basis of cell movement.. Sci Am 1979 May;240(5):100-13.
      pubmed: 572082doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0579-100google scholar: lookup
    33. Geiger B, Dutton AH, Tokuyasu KT, Singer SJ. Immunoelectron microscope studies of membrane-microfilament interactions: distributions of alpha-actinin, tropomyosin, and vinculin in intestinal epithelial brush border and chicken gizzard smooth muscle cells.. J Cell Biol 1981 Dec;91(3 Pt 1):614-28.
      pubmed: 6799520doi: 10.1083/jcb.91.3.614google scholar: lookup
    34. Castellani L, Morris EP, O'Brien EJ. Calmodulin as a model for troponin C.. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1980 Sep 30;96(2):558-65.
      pubmed: 6448599doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(80)91392-3google scholar: lookup
    35. Lazarides E. Two general classes of cytoplasmic actin filaments in tissue culture cells: the role of tropomyosin.. J Supramol Struct 1976;5(4):531(383)-563(415).
      pubmed: 800620doi: 10.1002/jss.400050410google scholar: lookup
    36. Lehrer SS. Intramolecular crosslinking of tropomyosin via disulfide bond formation: evidence for chain register.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975 Sep;72(9):3377-81.
      pubmed: 1059125doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.9.3377google scholar: lookup
    37. Goldberg A, Lehman W. Troponin-like proteins from muscles of the scallop, Aequipecten irradians.. Biochem J 1978 May 1;171(2):413-8.
      pubmed: 148888doi: 10.1042/bj1710413google scholar: lookup
    38. Maruyama K, Ohashi K. Tropomyosin inhibits the interaction of F-actin and filamin.. J Biochem 1978 Oct;84(4):1017-9.
      pubmed: 711696doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a132184google scholar: lookup
    39. Eisenberg E, Moos C. The interaction of actin with myosin and heavy meromyosin in solution at low ionic strength.. J Biol Chem 1967 Jun 25;242(12):2945-51.
      pubmed: 4226122
    40. Mooseker MS. Brush border motility. Microvillar contraction in triton-treated brush borders isolated from intestinal epithelium.. J Cell Biol 1976 Nov;71(2):417-33.
      pubmed: 11222doi: 10.1083/jcb.71.2.417google scholar: lookup
    41. Bretscher A, Weber K. Tropomyosin from bovine brain contains two polypeptide chains of slightly different molecular weights.. FEBS Lett 1978 Jan 1;85(1):145-8.
      pubmed: 620785doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)81267-8google scholar: lookup
    42. Kobayashi R, Tawata M, Mace ML Jr, Bradley WA, Field JB. Purification and characterization of tropomyosin from bovine thyroid.. Biochim Biophys Acta 1982 Apr 3;702(2):220-32.
      pubmed: 7082676doi: 10.1016/0167-4838(82)90506-4google scholar: lookup
    43. Johnson P, Smillie LB. Polymerizability of rabbit skeletal tropomyosin: effects of enzymic and chemical modifications.. Biochemistry 1977 May 17;16(10):2264-9.
      pubmed: 861209doi: 10.1021/bi00629a035google scholar: lookup
    44. Mahendran C, Berl S. Resolution of brain troponin complex.. J Neurochem 1979 Jul;33(1):149-57.
      pubmed: 156781doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb11717.xgoogle scholar: lookup
    45. Wegner A. Equilibrium of the actin-tropomyosin interaction.. J Mol Biol 1979 Jul 15;131(4):839-53.
      pubmed: 513132doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90204-3google scholar: lookup
    46. Lehrer SS, Morris EP. Dual effects of tropomyosin and troponin-tropomyosin on actomyosin subfragment 1 ATPase.. J Biol Chem 1982 Jul 25;257(14):8073-80.
      pubmed: 6123507
    47. Hitchcock SE. Regulation of motility in nonmuscle cells.. J Cell Biol 1977 Jul;74(1):1-15.
      pubmed: 141454doi: 10.1083/jcb.74.1.1google scholar: lookup
    48. Mak AS, Smillie LB. Non-polymerizable tropomyosin: preparation, some properties and F-actin binding.. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981 Jul 16;101(1):208-14.
      pubmed: 7284001doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(81)80032-0google scholar: lookup
    49. Lazarides E. Actin, alpha-actinin, and tropomyosin interaction in the structural organization of actin filaments in nonmuscle cells.. J Cell Biol 1976 Feb;68(2):202-19.
      pubmed: 1107334doi: 10.1083/jcb.68.2.202google scholar: lookup
    50. Pearlstone JR, Smillie LB. The binding sites of rabbit skeletal troponin-I on troponin-T.. Can J Biochem 1980 Aug;58(8):649-54.
      pubmed: 7459691doi: 10.1139/o80-090google scholar: lookup
    51. der Terrossian E, Fuller SD, Stewart M, Weeds AG. Porcine platelet tropomyosin. Purification, characterization and paracrystal formation.. J Mol Biol 1981 Nov 25;153(1):147-67.
      pubmed: 7338910doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90531-3google scholar: lookup
    52. Aubin JE, Weber K, Osborn M. Analysis of actin and microfilament-associated proteins in the mitotic spindle and cleavage furrow of PtK2 cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. A critical note.. Exp Cell Res 1979 Nov;124(1):93-109.
      pubmed: 387430doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(79)90260-xgoogle scholar: lookup
    53. Walsh TP, Wegner A. Effect of the state of oxidation of cysteine 190 of tropomyosin on the assembly of the actin-tropomyosin complex.. Biochim Biophys Acta 1980 Nov 20;626(1):79-87.
      pubmed: 6893942doi: 10.1016/0005-2795(80)90199-3google scholar: lookup
    54. Stossel TP. Contractile proteins in cell structure and function.. Annu Rev Med 1978;29:427-57.
      pubmed: 206188doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.29.020178.002235google scholar: lookup
    55. Sender PM. Muscle fibrils: Solubilization and gel electrophoresis.. FEBS Lett 1971 Sep 15;17(1):106-110.
      pubmed: 11946008doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(71)80575-6google scholar: lookup
    56. Cummins P, Perry SV. Chemical and immunochemical characteristics of tropomyosins from striated and smooth muscle.. Biochem J 1974 Jul;141(1):43-9.
      pubmed: 4218095doi: 10.1042/bj1410043google scholar: lookup
    57. Mak AS, Smillie LB, Stewart GR. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of rabbit skeletal muscle alpha- and beta-tropomyosins.. J Biol Chem 1980 Apr 25;255(8):3647-55.
      pubmed: 7364764
    58. Mannherz HG, Goody RS. Proteins of contractile systems.. Annu Rev Biochem 1976;45:427-65.
      pubmed: 134667doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.45.070176.002235google scholar: lookup
    59. Johnson F, Smillie LB. Rabbit skeletal alpha-tropomyosin chains are in register.. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975 Jun 16;64(4):1316-22.
      pubmed: 1137601doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90836-0google scholar: lookup
    60. Fine RE, Blitz AL. A chemical comparison of tropomyosins from muscle and non-muscle tissues.. J Mol Biol 1975 Jul 5;95(3):447-54.
      pubmed: 1152061doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90202-8google scholar: lookup
    61. Rink TJ, Tsien RY, Pozzan T. Cytoplasmic pH and free Mg2+ in lymphocytes.. J Cell Biol 1982 Oct;95(1):189-96.
      pubmed: 6815204doi: 10.1083/jcb.95.1.189google scholar: lookup
    62. Shigekawa M, Tonomura Y. Activation of actomyosin-ATPase by tropomyosin.. J Biochem 1972 Jan;71(1):147-9.
      pubmed: 4259365doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129735google scholar: lookup
    63. Leonardi CL, Warren RH, Rubin RW. Lack of tropomyosin correlates with the absence of stress fibers in transformed rat kidney cells.. Biochim Biophys Acta 1982 Apr 29;720(2):154-62.
      pubmed: 6282338doi: 10.1016/0167-4889(82)90007-6google scholar: lookup
    64. Cohen I, Kaminski E, De Vries A. Actin-linked regulation of the human platelet contractile system.. FEBS Lett 1973 Aug 15;34(2):315-7.
      pubmed: 4270615doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(73)80820-8google scholar: lookup
    65. Burgess DR. Reactivation of intestinal epithelial cell brush border motility: ATP-dependent contraction via a terminal web contractile ring.. J Cell Biol 1982 Dec;95(3):853-63.
      pubmed: 7153249doi: 10.1083/jcb.95.3.853google scholar: lookup
    66. Sugita H, Okumura Y, Ayai K. Application of a property of troponin to determination of tropomyosin content of a small piece of muscle.. J Biochem 1969 Jun;65(6):971-2.
      pubmed: 5811793doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129103google scholar: lookup
    67. Squire JM. Muscle filament structure and muscle contraction.. Annu Rev Biophys Bioeng 1975;4(00):137-63.
      pubmed: 1098552doi: 10.1146/annurev.bb.04.060175.001033google scholar: lookup
    68. Drabikowski W, Nonomura Y, Maruyama K. Effect of tropomyosin on the interaction between F-actin and the 6S component of alpha-actinin.. J Biochem 1968 Jun;63(6):761-5.
      pubmed: 5724986doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a128841google scholar: lookup
    69. Onji T, Shibata N. Tropomyosin enhances actomyosin ATPase activity in platelet.. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1982 Dec 15;109(3):697-703.
      pubmed: 6218807doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(82)91996-9google scholar: lookup
    70. Bernstein BW, Bamburg JR. Tropomyosin binding to F-actin protects the F-actin from disassembly by brain actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF).. Cell Motil 1982;2(1):1-8.
      pubmed: 6890875doi: 10.1002/cm.970020102google scholar: lookup
    71. Eaton BL, Kominz DR, Eisenberg E. Correlation between the inhibition of the acto-heavy meromyosin ATPase and the binding of tropomyosin to F-actin: effects of Mg2+, KCl, troponin I, and troponin C.. Biochemistry 1975 Jun 17;14(12):2718-25.
      pubmed: 125100doi: 10.1021/bi00683a025google scholar: lookup
    72. McLachlan AD, Karn J. Periodic charge distributions in the myosin rod amino acid sequence match cross-bridge spacings in muscle.. Nature 1982 Sep 16;299(5880):226-31.
      pubmed: 7202124doi: 10.1038/299226a0google scholar: lookup
    73. Tawada Y, Oara H, Ooi T, Tawada K. Non-polymerizable tropomyosin and control of the superprecipitation of actomyosin.. J Biochem 1975 Jul;78(1):65-72.
      pubmed: 1194254
    74. Hitchcock SE, Huxley HE, Szent-Györgyi AG. Calcium sensitive binding of troponin to actin-tropomyosin: a two-site model for troponin action.. J Mol Biol 1973 Nov 15;80(4):825-36.
      pubmed: 4272588doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90212-xgoogle scholar: lookup
    75. Mahendran C, Berl S. Isolation of troponin-like complex from bovine brain cortex.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1977 Jun;74(6):2273-7.
      pubmed: 142251doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.6.2273google scholar: lookup
    76. Cohen C. The protein switch of muscle contraction.. Sci Am 1975 Nov;233(5):36-45.
      pubmed: 1188341doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican1175-36google scholar: lookup
    77. Mak AS, Smillie LB. Structural interpretation of the two-site binding of troponin on the muscle thin filament.. J Mol Biol 1981 Jul 5;149(3):541-50.
      pubmed: 7310890doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90486-1google scholar: lookup
    78. Flicker PF, Phillips GN Jr, Cohen C. Troponin and its interactions with tropomyosin. An electron microscope study.. J Mol Biol 1982 Dec 5;162(2):495-501.
      pubmed: 7161805doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90540-xgoogle scholar: lookup
    79. Cohen I, Cohen C. A tropomyosin-like protein from human platelets.. J Mol Biol 1972 Jul 21;68(2):383-7.
      pubmed: 5069793doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90220-3google scholar: lookup
    80. Lehman W, Szent-Györgyi AG. Regulation of muscular contraction. Distribution of actin control and myosin control in the animal kingdom.. J Gen Physiol 1975 Jul;66(1):1-30.
      pubmed: 125778doi: 10.1085/jgp.66.1.1google scholar: lookup
    81. Phillips GN Jr, Lattman EE, Cummins P, Lee KY, Cohen C. Crystal structure and molecular interactions of tropomyosin.. Nature 1979 Mar 29;278(5703):413-7.
      pubmed: 450047doi: 10.1038/278413a0google scholar: lookup
    82. Means AR, Dedman JR. Calmodulin--an intracellular calcium receptor.. Nature 1980 May 8;285(5760):73-7.
      pubmed: 6990273doi: 10.1038/285073a0google scholar: lookup
    83. Amphlett GW, Vanaman TC, Perry SV. Effect of the troponin C-like protein from bovine brain (brain modulator protein) on the Mg2+-stimulated ATPase of skeletal muscle actinomyosin.. FEBS Lett 1976 Dec 15;72(1):163-8.
      pubmed: 137127doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80836-8google scholar: lookup
    84. Sobieszek A, Small JV. Effect of muscle and non-muscle tropomyosins in reconstituted skeletal muscle actomyosin.. Eur J Biochem 1981 Sep 1;118(3):533-9.
      pubmed: 6457740doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb05552.xgoogle scholar: lookup
    85. Mikawa T, Nonomura Y, Hirata M, Ebashi S, Kakiuchi S. Involvement of an acidic protein in regulation of smooth muscle contraction by the tropomyosin-leiotonin system.. J Biochem 1978 Dec;84(6):1633-6.
      pubmed: 739011doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a132290google scholar: lookup
    86. Wehland J, Weber K. Distribution of fluorescently labeled actin and tropomyosin after microinjection in living tissue culture cells as observed with TV image intensification.. Exp Cell Res 1980 Jun;127(2):397-408.
      pubmed: 6892899doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(80)90444-9google scholar: lookup
    87. Ishimoda-Takagi T. Immunological purification of sea urchin egg tropomyosin.. J Biochem 1978 Jun;83(6):1757-62.
      pubmed: 97282doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a132090google scholar: lookup
    88. Korn ED. Biochemistry of actomyosin-dependent cell motility (a review).. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1978 Feb;75(2):588-99.
      pubmed: 147464doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.2.588google scholar: lookup
    89. Murray JM, Knox MK, Trueblood CE, Weber A. Do tropomyosin and myosin compete for actin sites in the presence of calcium?. FEBS Lett 1980 May 19;114(1):169-73.
      pubmed: 6892903doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)80886-6google scholar: lookup
    90. Grand RJ, Perry SV, Weeks RA. Troponin C-like proteins (calmodulins) from mammalian smooth muscle and other tissues.. Biochem J 1979 Feb 1;177(2):521-9.
      pubmed: 435249doi: 10.1042/bj1770521google scholar: lookup
    91. Côté GP, Smillie LB. Preparation and some properties of equine platelet tropomyosin.. J Biol Chem 1981 Nov 10;256(21):11004-10.
      pubmed: 7287746
    92. Caspar DL, Cohen C, Longley W. Tropomyosin: crystal structure, polymorphism and molecular interactions.. J Mol Biol 1969 Apr 14;41(1):87-107.
      pubmed: 5803288doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90128-4google scholar: lookup
    93. Bailey K. Tropomyosin: a new asymmetric protein component of the muscle fibril.. Biochem J 1948;43(2):271-9.
      pubmed: 16748400doi: 10.1042/bj0430271google scholar: lookup
    94. Ebashi S, Kodama A. A new protein factor promoting aggregation of tropomyosin.. J Biochem 1965 Jul;58(1):107-8.
      pubmed: 5857096doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a128157google scholar: lookup
    95. Marston SB, Trevett RM, Walters M. Calcium ion-regulated thin filaments from vascular smooth muscle.. Biochem J 1980 Feb 1;185(2):355-65.
      pubmed: 6446898doi: 10.1042/bj1850355google scholar: lookup
    96. Jackson P, Amphlett GW, Perry SV. The primary structure of troponin T and the interaction with tropomyosin.. Biochem J 1975 Oct;151(1):85-97.
      pubmed: 1212216doi: 10.1042/bj1510085google scholar: lookup
    97. MARUYAMA K. INTERACTION OF TROPOMYOSIN WITH ACTIN. A FLOW BIREFRINGENCE STUDY.. Arch Biochem Biophys 1964 Apr;105:142-50.
      pubmed: 14165488doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(64)90245-0google scholar: lookup
    98. TSAO TC, BAILEY K, ADAIR GS. The size, shape and aggregation of tropomyosin particles.. Biochem J 1951 Jun;49(1):27-36.
      pubmed: 14848024doi: 10.1042/bj0490027google scholar: lookup
    99. Clarke M, Spudich JA. Nonmuscle contractile proteins: the role of actin and myosin in cell motility and shape determination.. Annu Rev Biochem 1977;46:797-822.
      pubmed: 143236doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.46.070177.004053google scholar: lookup
    100. Dabrowska R, Podlubnaya Z, Nowak E, Drabikowski W. Interaction of tropomyosin with troponin components.. J Biochem 1976 Jul;80(1):89-99.
      pubmed: 9383doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131262google scholar: lookup
    101. Lazarides E. Tropomyosin antibody: the specific localization of tropomyosin in nonmuscle cells.. J Cell Biol 1975 Jun;65(3):549-61.
      pubmed: 1094020doi: 10.1083/jcb.65.3.549google scholar: lookup
    102. Adelstein RS, Eisenberg E. Regulation and kinetics of the actin-myosin-ATP interaction.. Annu Rev Biochem 1980;49:921-56.
      pubmed: 6447472doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.49.070180.004421google scholar: lookup
    103. KOMINZ DR, SAAD F, GLADNER JA, LAKI K. Mammalian tropomyosins.. Arch Biochem Biophys 1957 Jul;70(1):16-28.
      pubmed: 13445237doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(57)90075-9google scholar: lookup
    104. Wegner A. Kinetic analysis of actin assembly suggests that tropomyosin inhibits spontaneous fragmentation of actin filaments.. J Mol Biol 1982 Oct 25;161(2):217-27.
      pubmed: 7154079doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90149-8google scholar: lookup
    105. Giometti CS, Anderson NL. A variant of human nonmuscle tropomyosin found in fibroblasts by using two-dimensional electrophoresis.. J Biol Chem 1981 Nov 25;256(22):11840-6.
      pubmed: 7298633
    106. Woods EF. The conformational stabilities of tropomyosins.. Aust J Biol Sci 1976 Dec;29(5-6):405-18.
      pubmed: 1023857doi: 10.1071/bi9760405google scholar: lookup
    107. Côté GP, Lewis WG, Pato MD, Smillie LB. Platelet tropomyosin: lack of binding to skeletal muscle troponin and correlation with sequence.. FEBS Lett 1978 Oct 1;94(1):131-5.
      pubmed: 700123doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80922-3google scholar: lookup
    108. Paulin D, Perreau J, Jakob H, Jacob F, Yaniv M. Tropomyosin synthesis accompanies formation of actin filaments in embryonal carcinoma cells induced to differentiate by hexamethylene bisacetamide.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1979 Apr;76(4):1891-5.
      pubmed: 377290doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.4.1891google scholar: lookup
    109. Yang YZ, Korn ED, Eisenberg E. Cooperative binding of tropomyosin to muscle and Acanthamoeba actin.. J Biol Chem 1979 Aug 10;254(15):7137-40.
      pubmed: 156726
    110. Bronson DD, Schachat FH. Heterogeneity of contractile proteins. Differences in tropomyosin in fast, mixed, and slow skeletal muscles of the rabbit.. J Biol Chem 1982 Apr 10;257(7):3937-44.
      pubmed: 7061518
    111. Côte GP, Smillie LB. The effects of platelet tropomyosin on the ATPase activities of muscle actomyosin subfragment 1 in the absence and presence of troponin, its components, and calmodulin.. J Biol Chem 1981 Dec 10;256(23):11999-2004.
      pubmed: 6457830
    112. Chou PY, Fasman GD. Conformational parameters for amino acids in helical, beta-sheet, and random coil regions calculated from proteins.. Biochemistry 1974 Jan 15;13(2):211-22.
      pubmed: 4358939doi: 10.1021/bi00699a001google scholar: lookup
    113. Weeds A. Actin-binding proteins--regulators of cell architecture and motility.. Nature 1982 Apr 29;296(5860):811-6.
      pubmed: 7200195doi: 10.1038/296811a0google scholar: lookup
    114. Korn ED. Actin polymerization and its regulation by proteins from nonmuscle cells.. Physiol Rev 1982 Apr;62(2):672-737.
      pubmed: 6280220doi: 10.1152/physrev.1982.62.2.672google scholar: lookup
    115. Côté G, Lewis WG, Smillie LB. Non-polymerizability of platelet tropomyosin and its NH2- and COOH-terminal sequences.. FEBS Lett 1978 Jul 15;91(2):237-41.
      pubmed: 680129doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)81181-8google scholar: lookup
    116. BAILEY K. Tropomyosin: a new asymmetric protein component of muscle.. Nature 1946 Mar 23;157:368.
      pubmed: 21066119doi: 10.1038/157368b0google scholar: lookup
    117. Pato MD, Mak AS, Smillie LB. Fragments of rabbit striated muscle alpha-tropomyosin. I. Preparation and characterization.. J Biol Chem 1981 Jan 25;256(2):593-601.
      pubmed: 7451462
    118. Chalovich JM, Chock PB, Eisenberg E. Mechanism of action of troponin . tropomyosin. Inhibition of actomyosin ATPase activity without inhibition of myosin binding to actin.. J Biol Chem 1981 Jan 25;256(2):575-8.
      pubmed: 6450206

    Citations

    This article has been cited 17 times.
    1. Fenix AM, Neininger AC, Taneja N, Hyde K, Visetsouk MR, Garde RJ, Liu B, Nixon BR, Manalo AE, Becker JR, Crawley SW, Bader DM, Tyska MJ, Liu Q, Gutzman JH, Burnette DT. Muscle-specific stress fibers give rise to sarcomeres in cardiomyocytes. Elife 2018 Dec 12;7.
      doi: 10.7554/eLife.42144pubmed: 30540249google scholar: lookup
    2. Silas S, Fitzsimmons CM, Jones FM, Pinot de Moira A, Wawrzyniak J, Tukahebwa EM, Dunne DW. Human IgE responses to different splice variants of Schistosoma mansoni tropomyosin: associations with immunity. Int J Parasitol 2014 May;44(6):381-90.
      doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.02.004pubmed: 24657550google scholar: lookup
    3. Chiba S, Awazu S, Itoh M, Chin-Bow ST, Satoh N, Satou Y, Hastings KE. A genomewide survey of developmentally relevant genes in Ciona intestinalis. IX. Genes for muscle structural proteins. Dev Genes Evol 2003 Jun;213(5-6):291-302.
      doi: 10.1007/s00427-003-0324-xpubmed: 12740698google scholar: lookup
    4. Perry SV. Vertebrate tropomyosin: distribution, properties and function. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2001;22(1):5-49.
      doi: 10.1023/a:1010303732441pubmed: 11563548google scholar: lookup
    5. Singer JM, Hermann GJ, Shaw JM. Suppressors of mdm20 in yeast identify new alleles of ACT1 and TPM1 predicted to enhance actin-tropomyosin interactions. Genetics 2000 Oct;156(2):523-34.
      doi: 10.1093/genetics/156.2.523pubmed: 11014803google scholar: lookup
    6. Jenkins RE, Taylor MJ, Gilvary NJ, Bianco AE. Tropomyosin implicated in host protective responses to microfilariae in onchocerciasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998 Jun 23;95(13):7550-5.
      doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.13.7550pubmed: 9636187google scholar: lookup
    7. Miyado K, Sato M, Taniguchi S. Transformation-related expression of a low-molecular-mass tropomyosin isoform TM5/TM30nm in transformed rat fibroblastic cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1997;123(6):331-6.
      doi: 10.1007/BF01438309pubmed: 9222299google scholar: lookup
    8. Fowler VM, Sussmann MA, Miller PG, Flucher BE, Daniels MP. Tropomodulin is associated with the free (pointed) ends of the thin filaments in rat skeletal muscle. J Cell Biol 1993 Jan;120(2):411-20.
      doi: 10.1083/jcb.120.2.411pubmed: 8421055google scholar: lookup
    9. Drees B, Brown C, Barrell BG, Bretscher A. Tropomyosin is essential in yeast, yet the TPM1 and TPM2 products perform distinct functions. J Cell Biol 1995 Feb;128(3):383-92.
      doi: 10.1083/jcb.128.3.383pubmed: 7844152google scholar: lookup
    10. Mooseker MS, Bonder EM, Conzelman KA, Fishkind DJ, Howe CL, Keller TC 3rd. Brush border cytoskeleton and integration of cellular functions. J Cell Biol 1984 Jul;99(1 Pt 2):104s-112s.
      doi: 10.1083/jcb.99.1.104spubmed: 6378918google scholar: lookup
    11. Burgess DR, Broschat KO, Hayden JM. Tropomyosin distinguishes between the two actin-binding sites of villin and affects actin-binding properties of other brush border proteins. J Cell Biol 1987 Jan;104(1):29-40.
      doi: 10.1083/jcb.104.1.29pubmed: 3793760google scholar: lookup
    12. Wieczorek DF, Smith CW, Nadal-Ginard B. The rat alpha-tropomyosin gene generates a minimum of six different mRNAs coding for striated, smooth, and nonmuscle isoforms by alternative splicing. Mol Cell Biol 1988 Feb;8(2):679-94.
      doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.2.679-694.1988pubmed: 3352602google scholar: lookup
    13. Lin JJ, Hegmann TE, Lin JL. Differential localization of tropomyosin isoforms in cultured nonmuscle cells. J Cell Biol 1988 Aug;107(2):563-72.
      doi: 10.1083/jcb.107.2.563pubmed: 3047141google scholar: lookup
    14. Bradac JA, Gruber CE, Forry-Schaudies S, Hughes SH. Isolation and characterization of related cDNA clones encoding skeletal muscle beta-tropomyosin and a low-molecular-weight nonmuscle tropomyosin isoform. Mol Cell Biol 1989 Jan;9(1):185-92.
      doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.1.185-192.1989pubmed: 2927392google scholar: lookup
    15. Anthony DT, Jacobs-Cohen RJ, Marazzi G, Rubin LL. A molecular defect in virally transformed muscle cells that cannot cluster acetylcholine receptors. J Cell Biol 1988 May;106(5):1713-21.
      doi: 10.1083/jcb.106.5.1713pubmed: 2836437google scholar: lookup
    16. Liu HP, Bretscher A. Purification of tropomyosin from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and identification of related proteins in Schizosaccharomyces and Physarum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989 Jan;86(1):90-3.
      doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.1.90pubmed: 2643110google scholar: lookup
    17. Hegmann TE, Lin JL, Lin JJ. Motility-dependence of the heterogenous staining of culture cells by a monoclonal anti-tropomyosin antibody. J Cell Biol 1988 Feb;106(2):385-93.
      doi: 10.1083/jcb.106.2.385pubmed: 2448313google scholar: lookup
    Subscribe to our newsletter
    Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.