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Home / Equine Research Bank / Biol Trace Elem Res / Studies on Edema Pathema in Hequ Horse in the Qinghai-Tibet ...
Biological trace element research2020; 198(1); 142-148; doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02043-9

Studies on Edema Pathema in Hequ Horse in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Abstract: As a consequence of contracted and fenced grassland, the incidence of edema pathema in the Hequ horse is rising. The main pathological symptoms are edema, emaciation, anemia, heterophilia, inappetence, and dyskinesia. To study the cause of edema disease in Hequ horse, the Hequ horse farm with a high incidence was chosen as the experimental pasture, and the Azi husbandry experimental station without edema disorder was the control pasture. The research methods in this paper are included: (1) The mineral contents in soil, forage, blood, and liver were analyzed. (2) Routine parameters and biochemical values in blood were also measured. (3) Conduct a prevention trial and a treatment experiment. The results showed that Se contents in soil and forage was much significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference in other elements. Se contents in blood and liver in affected animals were very significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.01). Hb, HCT, MCV, and MCH were greatly significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01). Activities of GSH-Px in blood were very significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.01). Before the onset season of the disorder in the affected area, NaSeO was used to conduct a prevention trial on 1576 Hequ horses. A dose of 0.03 mg NaSeO was given orally per kilogram of body weight, once every 15 days and twice continuously. There was no edema illness that year. In the treatment experiment, 235 horses were administered NaSeO orally at 0.04 mg per kilogram of body weight, once every 3 days for 4 consecutive times, and 198 horses were cured, with a cure rate of 84.26%. Therefore, it is possible that Hequ horse edema pathema is caused by Se deficiency in soil and forage.
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Publication Date: 2020-01-22 PubMed ID: 31965424DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02043-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article investigates the cause of edema pathema illness in Hequ horses, focusing on the hypothesis of Selenium (Se) deficiency in soil and forage. It conducted various tests for evidence and carried out prevention and treatment experiments using Sodium Selenite (NaSeO), resulting in lower incidence and high cure rate.

The Edema Pathema Problem

  • The Hequ horses, found in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, have been experiencing increased instances of an illness known as edema pathema. This illness seems to be related to changes in their environment due to the contraction and fencing of grassland.
  • Affected horses present symptoms like edema (swelling), emaciation, anemia, inappetence (lack of appetite), and dyskinesia (difficulty in performing voluntary movements).

Research Methodology

  • The research group commenced by choosing a Hequ horse farm with a high incidence of the illness as an experimental pasture and a farm without the disorder, the Azi husbandry experimental station, as a control group.
  • Several tests were conducted to identify potential causative factors. These included analyzing mineral contents within the soil, forage (feed), blood, and liver. Routine parameters and biochemical values in the horse’s blood were also measured.
  • Finally, the research group implemented a prevention trial and a treatment experiment, which primarily involved diet modification with the addition of Sodium Selenite (NaSeO).

Findings

  • The research data showed significantly lower levels of Selenium (Se) in the soil and forage from the affected farm, compared to the control farm.
  • It was also found that affected horses had lower Se levels in their blood and liver, as well as decreased levels of Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (HCT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH).
  • Measurements showed decreased activities of Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the blood of affected horses, which is a key element of the antioxidant defense system and directly related to Selenium levels.
  • Prevention trials using Sodium Selenite (NaSeO) were conducted before the onset season of the disorder, and it appears no horses developed the illness that year. Treatment experiments were also effective, with about 84.26% of treated horses cured.

Conclusion

  • The study’s results suggest the edema pathema in Hequ horses could be caused by Selenium deficiency in the soil and forage they digest. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and identify any other potential contributing factors.

Cite This Article

APA
Zhao K, Chi Y, Shen X. (2020). Studies on Edema Pathema in Hequ Horse in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Biol Trace Elem Res, 198(1), 142-148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02043-9

Publication

Biological trace element research
ISSN: 1559-0720
NlmUniqueID: 7911509
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 198
Issue: 1
Pages: 142-148

Researcher Affiliations

Zhao, Kui
  • School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
  • School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
Chi, Yongkuan
  • State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
Shen, Xiaoyun
  • School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China. xyshen@swust.edu.cn.
  • State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China. xyshen@swust.edu.cn.
  • World Bank Poverty Alleviation Project Office in Guizhou, Guiyang, 550004, Southwest China, China. xyshen@swust.edu.cn.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Edema
  • Horses
  • Seasons
  • Soil
  • Tibet

Grant Funding

  • 41671041 / The national natural science foundation of China
  • 2016YFC0502601 / The project of national key research and development program of China in 13th five-year plan

Citations

This article has been cited 10 times.
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  5. Qiu J, Yang Y, Wu J, Shen X. Effect of Nano-potassium Molybdate on the Copper Metabolism in Grazing the Pishan Red Sheep.. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022 Oct;200(10):4332-4338.
    doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-03030-4pubmed: 34802114google scholar: lookup
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    doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02975-wpubmed: 34741244google scholar: lookup
  7. Zhang Q, Zhao K, Shen X. Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Adaptation in the P. przewalskii to Se-Deprived Environment.. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022 Aug;200(8):3608-3620.
    doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02971-0pubmed: 34669150google scholar: lookup
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  9. Li Y, Liu H, He J, Shen X, Zhao K, Wang Y. The Effects of Oral Administration of Molybdenum Fertilizers on Immune Function of Nanjiang Brown Goat Grazing on Natural Pastures Contaminated by Mixed Heavy Metal.. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022 Jun;200(6):2750-2757.
    doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02901-0pubmed: 34482497google scholar: lookup
  10. Li Y, He J, Luo L, Wang Y. The Combinations of Sulfur and Molybdenum Fertilization Improved Antioxidant Capacity in Grazing Nanjiang Brown Goat.. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022 Feb;200(2):600-608.
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