[Study of the correlation between the plasma viral load and protective immunity induced by the equine infectious anemia attenuated vaccine and its parental virulent strain].
Abstract: The threshold hypothesis of attenuated lentiviral vaccine considers that the type of host response to infections of lentiviruses depends on the viral load. To evaluate the correlation between viral loads of the attenuated vaccine strain of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and their effects to induce protective immunity, longitudinal plasma viral loads in groups of horses inoculated with either an attenuated EIAV vaccine strain (EIAV(DLV125)) or sub-lethal dose of an EIAV virulent strain (EIAV(LN40)) were compared. Similar levels of plasma viral loads ranging from 10(3)-10(5) copies/mL were detected from samples of these two groups of animals (P > 0.05) during 23 weeks post the inoculation. However, different responses to the challenge performed thereafter with lethal dose of the EIAV virulent strain were observed from the groups of horses inoculated with either EIAV(DLV125) or sub-lethal dose of EIAV(LN40). The protective efficiency was 67% (3 of 4 cases) and 0 (none of 2 cases), respectively. Our results implicate that the viral load of EIAV attenuated vaccine is not the primary factor, or at least not the solo primary factor, to determine the establishment of immune protection.
Publication Date: 2010-05-20 PubMed ID: 20480642
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- English Abstract
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research article examines the relationship between the viral load of a particular horse disease called equine infectious anemia after vaccination, and the induced protective immunity. The findings suggest that the viral load of the vaccine is not the main or only determinant of immune protection.
Objectives of the Study
- This research focuses on establishing whether the viral load after inoculation with an attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine is the primary factor determining the development of protective immunity.
- The study was conducted to validate or challenge the threshold hypothesis of attenuated lentiviral vaccines, which assumes that the host’s response relies on the viral load.
Methodology
- The researchers conducted a longitudinal study of plasma viral loads in horses that were inoculated either with an attenuated EIAV vaccine strain (EIAV(DLV125)) or a sub-lethal dose of a virulent EIAV strain (EIAV(LN40)).
- Plasma viral loads were compared and monitored for 23 weeks post-inoculation.
- Afterwards, both groups of horses were then exposed to a challenge with a lethal dose of the EIAV virulent strain.
Findings
- There were no significant differences found between the plasma viral loads of the two groups.
- Despite the similar levels of plasma viral loads, different responses to the subsequent challenge with a lethal strain of EIAV were observed in the two groups.
- The group inoculated with EIAV(DLV125) demonstrated a protective efficiency of 67% while the group given a sub-lethal dose of EIAV(LN40) showed no protective efficiency.
Conclusion
- Contrary to the threshold hypothesis, the viral load of the EIAV attenuated vaccine was not found to be the primary or sole determining factor for the establishment of immune protection.
- This suggests that other factors are at play in the development of protective immunity post-vaccination.
Cite This Article
APA
Cao XZ, Lin YZ, Li L, Jiang CG, Zhao LP, Lv XL, Zhou JH.
(2010).
[Study of the correlation between the plasma viral load and protective immunity induced by the equine infectious anemia attenuated vaccine and its parental virulent strain].
Bing Du Xue Bao, 26(2), 128-133.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Livestock Infectious Disease, Harbin 150001, China.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Equine Infectious Anemia / blood
- Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
- Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
- Horses
- Immunization / methods
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / pathogenicity
- RNA, Viral / blood
- RNA, Viral / genetics
- Random Allocation
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Time Factors
- Vaccines, Attenuated / administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated / immunology
- Viral Load
- Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
- Virulence / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Wang X, Wang S, Lin Y, Jiang C, Ma J, Zhao L, Lv X, Wang F, Shen R, Zhou J. Unique evolution characteristics of the envelope protein of EIAV(LN₄₀), a virulent strain of equine infectious anemia virus. Virus Genes 2011 Apr;42(2):220-8.
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