FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(5); 1313; doi: 10.3390/ani11051313

Summer Diet of Horses (Equus ferus caballus Linn.), Guanacos (Lama guanicoe Müller), and European Brown Hares (Lepus europaeus Pallas) in the High Andean Range of the Coquimbo Region, Chile.

Abstract: For an adequate management of natural grasslands, the knowledge and understanding of the dietary habits of herbivores and their trophic interactions are fundamental. During two summer seasons, in a mountain range of a sector of the Coquimbo Region, Chile, the botanical composition, diversity, and similarity of the diets of horses, European brown hares, and guanacos were studied, as was the selectivity of the main grassland plant species, using feces microhistology. The contribution of hydromorphic grasses was similar in the diets of guanacos (35.90 ± 7.27%) and horses (32.25 ± 4.50%), differing from that found in hares (16.32 ± 5.32%). Dryland grassland grasses contributed similarly to the diets of horses (13.21 ± 3.22%), guanacos (22.53 ± 5.21%) and hares (18.35 ± 3.81%), as well as graminoids, which averaged 47.79 ± 6.66%, 35.63 ± 10.76% and 38.94 ± 7.88%, in diets of horses, guanacos, and hares, respectively, without significant differences. The contribution of herbaceous dicotyledons was only important in hares (23.76 ± 3.76%), while that of shrubs was low (<3%) and similar among the three herbivores. Dietary diversity was similar among the three herbivore species (73-79%), with a higher degree of dietary overlap between horses and guanacos (55.7%), which was higher than that obtained between hares and guanacos (50%) and between horses and hares (48%), for which there would be a potential trophic competition between them. The most abundant species of dryland and wet grasslands generally fulfill a functional role of subsistence and a nutritional role of maintenance; however, for the three herbivores studied, a different selective behavior was evidenced, according to their physiological differences, with the selection process little affected by the relative abundance of these species in the grasslands. Due to the above, herbivores resort to the selection of certain species that, despite being not very abundant in grasslands, play an important nutritional and functional role, improving the quality of their diets.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2021-05-03 PubMed ID: 34063638PubMed Central: PMC8147654DOI: 10.3390/ani11051313Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the dietary habits and similarities of horses, European brown hares, and guanacos residing in the mountain range of the Coquimbo Region, Chile during summer seasons. It finds that all three herbivores have different preferences and selective behaviors in choosing their feed due to their physiological differences, and that they select certain low-abundance species for their significant nutritive role in improving the quality of their diets.

Dietary Habits and Similarities

  • The research was conducted during two summer seasons in a mountain range of the Coquimbo Region, Chile.
  • The diets of horses, European brown hares, and guanacos were studied in terms of botanical composition, diversity, and similarity.
  • The study further focused on determining the selectivity of the three herbivores towards major grassland plant species.

Grass and Plant Consumption

  • Horses and guanacos had similar hydromorphic grass contributions, unlike hares.
  • All three herbivores consumed roughly comparable amounts of dryland grassland and graminoids, with no significant evidence of differential consumptions.
  • Hares were primarily dependent on herbaceous dicotyledons, whereas the contribution of shrubs in all three diets was low.

Diversity and Overlaps in Diets

  • The dietary diversity was fairly consistent for all three species (around 73-79%).
  • There was a higher degree of dietary overlap observed between horses and guanacos (55.7%) than there was between the duos of horses and hares (48%) and hares and guanacos (50%), thus implying potential trophic competition between these animals.

Nutrition and Selection of Food

  • The most abundant plant and grass species provided basic nutrition and survival sustenance to the herbivores.
  • However, the study found that each herbivore had different selective behavior while feeding, influenced by their unique physiological attributes.
  • Despite the relative abundance of these species in the grasslands affecting their selection, all three herbivores showed a preference for specific, low-abundance species, emphasizing the importance of these species for providing a balanced diet and nutritional function.

Cite This Article

APA
Castellaro G, Orellana CL, Escanilla JP. (2021). Summer Diet of Horses (Equus ferus caballus Linn.), Guanacos (Lama guanicoe Müller), and European Brown Hares (Lepus europaeus Pallas) in the High Andean Range of the Coquimbo Region, Chile. Animals (Basel), 11(5), 1313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051313

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
PII: 1313

Researcher Affiliations

Castellaro, Giorgio
  • Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
Orellana, Carla Loreto
  • Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
Escanilla, Juan Pablo
  • Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 74 references
  1. Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INE). Estudio 2006. Ganadería Caprina. Limarí y Choapa, Chile: 2006. p. 42.
  2. Castellaro G.G.C., Orellana M.J.P., Escanilla C.L., Freire M.. Caracterización Productiva de Praderas Hidromórficas en la Alta Cordillera de Cuncumén, IV Región de Coquimbo, Chile. II. Valor Pastoral y Nutricional. Proceedings of the XXIV Congreso de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Producción Animal, XL Congreso Anual Sociedad Chilena de la Producción Animal (SOCHIPA) Puerto Varas, Chile. 9–13 November 2015.
  3. Castellaro G.G.C., Orellana M.J.P., Escanilla C.. Caracterización productiva de praderas hidromórficas en la alta cordillera de Cuncumén, IV Región de Coquimbo, Chile. I. Producción de materia seca y capacidad de carga. Proceedings of the XXXVIII Congreso Anual Sociedad Chilena de la Producción Animal (SOCHIPA) Frutillar, Chile. 23–25 October 2013.
  4. Holechek J.L., Pieper R.D., Herbel C.H.. Range Management, Principles and Practices. 6th ed. Prentice Hall; Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: 2011. p. 444.
  5. Bonino N.. Interacción trófica entre el conejo silvestre europeo y el ganado doméstico en el noroeste de la Patagonia Argentina. Ecol. Austral 2006;16:135–142.
  6. Bonino N., Borrelli L.. Variación estacional en la dieta del conejo silvestre europeo (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en la región andina de Neuquén, Argentina. Ecol. Austral 2006;16:7–13.
  7. Borgnia M., Vilá B.L., Cassini M.H.. Interaction between wild camelids and livestock in an Andean semi-desert. J. Arid Environ. 2008;72:2150–2158.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.07.012google scholar: lookup
  8. Vila A.R., Borrelli L., Martínez L.. Dietary Overlap between Huemul and Livestock in Los Alerces National Park, Argentina. J. Wildl. Manag. 2009;73:368–373.
    doi: 10.2193/2008-062google scholar: lookup
  9. Johnson M.K.. Foods of primary consumers on cold dessert shrubb-steppe of South Central Idaho. J. Range Manag. 1979;32:365–368.
    doi: 10.2307/3898017google scholar: lookup
  10. Vallentine J.F.. Grazing Management. 2th ed. Academic Press; San Diego, CA, USA: 2001. p. 659.
  11. Gastó J., Cosio F., Panario D.. Clasificación de Ecorregiones y Determinación de Sitio y Condición. Manual de Aplicación a Municipios y Predios Rurales. Red de Pastizales Andinos; Santiago, Chile: 1993. p. 254.
  12. Köeppen W.. Climatología. Fondo de Cultura Económica; Carretera Picacho-Ajusco, Mexico: 1948. p. 478.
  13. Luebert F., Pliscoff P.. Sinopsis Bioclimática y Vegetacional de Chile. Editorial Universitaria; Santiago de, Chile: 2018. p. 384.
  14. Squeo F.A., Barry G., Warner B.G., Aravena R., Espinoza D.. Bofedales: High altitude peatlands of the central Andes. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 2006;79:245–255.
    doi: 10.4067/S0716-078X2006000200010google scholar: lookup
  15. Etienne M., Prado C.. Descripción de la Vegetación Mediante Cartografía de Ocupación de Tierras. Conceptos y Manual de Uso Práctico. Ciencias Agrícolas Nº10. Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Veterinarias y Forestales, Chile: 1982. p. 120.
  16. Daget P.H., Poissonet J.. Une méthode d’analyse phytologique des prairies, critères d’application. Ann. Agron. 1971;22:5–41.
  17. Passera C.B., Dalmasso A.D., Borsetto O.. Taller de Arbustos Forrajeros para Zonas Áridas y Semiáridas. 2nd ed. Subcomité Asesor del Árido Subtropical Argentino. Amawald. S. A.; Buenos Aires, Argentina: 1983. Metodo de “Point Quadrat Modificado”; p. 107.
  18. Sparks D.R., Malechek J.C.. Estimating percentage dry weight in diets using a microscope technique. J. Range Manag. 1968;21:264–265.
    doi: 10.2307/3895829google scholar: lookup
  19. Garnick S., Barboza P.S., Walker J.W.. Assessment of Animal-Based Methods Used for Estimating and Monitoring Rangeland Herbivore Diet Composition. Rangel. Ecol. Manag. 2018;71:449–457.
    doi: 10.1016/j.rama.2018.03.003google scholar: lookup
  20. Catán A., Degano C.A., Werenitzky D.. Evaluación de criterios de lectura microhistológica para la cuantificación de Sphaeralcea bonariensis (Cav.), Pl Lorentz en mezclas manuales. Tec. Pecu. Méx. 2007;45:77–83.
  21. Castellaro G., Squella F., Ullrich T., León F., Raggi A.. Algunas técnicas microhistológicas utilizadas en la determinación de la composición botánica de dietas de herbívoros. Agric. Téc. Chile. 2007;67:86–93.
    doi: 10.4067/S0365-28072007000100011google scholar: lookup
  22. Ortega I.M., Berger M.I., Flores M.. IBTA 113/Textos y Manuales 04/Rumiantes Menores (SR-CRSP) 05/ IBTA. La Paz, Bolivia: 1993. Manual de Técnica Microhistológica; p. 48.
  23. Smith R.L., Smith T.M.. Ecology. 8th ed. Addison Wesley Longman; Boston, MA, USA: 2012. p. 683.
  24. Olsen F.W., Hansen R.M.. Food relations of wild free-ranging horses to livestock and big game, Red Desert, Wyoming. J. Range Manag. 1977;30:17–20.
    doi: 10.2307/3897326google scholar: lookup
  25. Stuth J.W.. Foraging Behavior. Cap; Grazing Management. In: Heitschmidt R.K., Stuth J.W., editors. An Ecological Perspective. Timber Press; Portland, OR, USA: 1991. p. 259.
  26. Krebs C.J.. Ecological Methodology. Harper Collins Publisher; New York, NY, USA: 1989. p. 654.
  27. Kaps M., Lamberson W.. Estimation of Parameters. CABI Publishing; Cambridge, MA, USA: 2004. p. 439. Biostatistics for Animal Science Chap 5.
  28. Castellaro G., Araya R.. Manejo de Praderas Altiplánicas. Antecedentes, Descripción, Evaluación y Manejo. Fundación para la Innovación Agraria; Santiago, Chile: 2012. p. 65.
  29. Le Houérou H.N.. Rain use efficiency a unifying concept in arid land ecology. J. Arid Environ. 1984;7:213–247.
  30. Castellaro G., Araya R., Escanilla J.P.. Buenas Prácticas para la Actividad Ganadera. Capítulo 2.2. In: Fredericksen N., Pérez J., Contreras X., editors. Manual de Buenas Prácticas para Uso Sustentable de Ecosistemas de Montaña. Universidad de Chile–Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero; Santiago, Chile: 2011. p. 117.
  31. Ormaechea S.G., Utrilla V.R., Suarez D.D., Peri P.L.. Evaluación objetiva de la condición de mallines de Santa Cruz. Prod. Anim. 2010;12:47–52.
  32. Gamound M.. Rain use efficiency, primary production and rainfall relationships in desert rangelands of Tunisia. Land Degrad. Develop. 2016;27:738–747.
    doi: 10.1002/ldr.2418google scholar: lookup
  33. Baldi R., Pelliza-Sbriller A., Elston D., Albon S.. High potential for competition between guanacos and sheep in Patagonia. J. Wildl. Manag. 2004;68:924–938.
    doi: 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0924:HPFCBG]2.0.CO;2google scholar: lookup
  34. Arias N., Feijóo S., Quinteros P., Bava J.. Composición botánica de la dieta del guanaco (Lama guanicoe) en la Reserva Corazón de la Isla, Tierra del Fuego (Argentina): Utilización estacional de Nothofagus spp.. Bosque 2015;36:71–79.
    doi: 10.4067/S0717-92002015000100008google scholar: lookup
  35. Puig S., Videla F., Cona M., Monge S.. Use of food availability by guanacos (Lama guanicoe) and livestock in Northern Patagonia (Mendoza, Argentina). J. Arid Environ. 2001;47:291–308.
    doi: 10.1006/jare.2000.0677google scholar: lookup
  36. National Reseach Council (NRC). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. 6th ed. National Academic Press; Washington, DC, USA: 2007. p. 362.
  37. Muñoz A.E., Simonetti J.A.. Diet of guanaco in sheep-free rangeland in Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Cienc. Inv. Agr. 2013;40:185–191.
    doi: 10.4067/S0718-16202013000100016google scholar: lookup
  38. Bonino N., Pelliza-Sbriller A.. Composición botánica de la dieta del guanaco (Lama guanicoe) en dos ambientes contrastantes de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Ecol. Austral. 1991;1:97–102.
  39. Barri F.R., Falczuk V., Cingolani A.M., Díaz S.. Dieta de la población de guanacos (Lama guanicoe) reintroducida en el Parque Nacional Quebrada del Condorito, Argentina. Ecol. Austral. 2014;24:203–211.
    doi: 10.25260/EA.14.24.2.0.23google scholar: lookup
  40. Candia R., Dalmasso A.D.. Dieta del guanaco (Lama guanicoe) y productividad del pastizal en la reserva La Payunia, Mendoza (Argentina). Multequina 1995;4:5–15.
  41. Castellaro G., Ullrich T., Wackwitz B., Raggi A.. Composición botánica de la dieta de alpacas (Lama pacos L.) y llamas (Lama glama L.) en dos estaciones del año, en praderas altiplánicas de un sector de la Provincia de Parinacota. Agric. Téc. 2004;64:353–364.
    doi: 10.4067/S0365-28072004000400004google scholar: lookup
  42. Soler R.M., Martínez-Pastur G., Lencinas M.V., Borrelli L.. Seasonal diet of Lama guanicoe (Camelidae: Artiodactyla) in a heterogeneous landscape of South Patagonia. Bosque 2013;34:129–141.
    doi: 10.4067/S0717-92002013000200002google scholar: lookup
  43. Karmiris I., Panagiotis D.P., Kazantzidis S., Papachristou T.G.. Diet Selection by Domestic and Wild Herbivore Species in a Coastal Mediterranean Wetland. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 2011;48:233–242.
    doi: 10.5735/086.048.0404google scholar: lookup
  44. Osoro K., Ferreira M., García U., Martínez A., Celaya R.. Forage intake, digestibility and performance of cattle, horses, sheep and goats grazing together on an improved heathland. Anim. Prod. Sci. 2015;57:102–109.
    doi: 10.1071/AN15153google scholar: lookup
  45. Scasta J.D., Beck J.L., Angwin C.J.. Meta-Analysis of Diet Composition and Potential Conflict of Wild Horses with Livestock and Wild Ungulates on Western Rangelands of North America. Rangel. Ecol. Manag. 2016;69:10–318.
    doi: 10.1016/j.rama.2016.01.001google scholar: lookup
  46. Fleurance G., Duncan P., Mallevaud B.. Daily intake and the selection of feeding sites by horses in heterogeneous wet grasslands. Anim. Res. 2001;50:149–156.
    doi: 10.1051/animres:2001123google scholar: lookup
  47. Cheeke P.R., Dierenfeld E.S.. Comparative Animal Nutrition and Metabolism. CABI Org.; Oxford, UK: 2010. p. 339.
  48. Dryden G.M.. Animal Nutrition Science. CABI; Oxfordshire, UK: 2008. p. 415.
  49. Smith C., Valdez R., Holechek J.L., Zwank P.J., Cardenas M.. Diets of native and non-native ungulates in southcentral New Mexico. Southwest. Nat. 1998;43:163–169.
  50. Reichlin T., Klansek E., Hackländer K.. Diet selection by hares (Lepus europaeus) in arable land and its implication for habitat management. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 2006;52:109–118.
    doi: 10.1007/s10344-005-0013-3google scholar: lookup
  51. López-Cortés F., Cortés A., Miranda E., Rau J.R.. Dietas de Abrothrix andinus, Phyllotis xanthopygus (Rodentia) y Lepus europaeus (Lagomorpha) en un ambiente altoandino de Chile. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 2007;80:3–12.
    doi: 10.4067/S0716-078X2007000100001google scholar: lookup
  52. Katona K., Bíró Z., Hahn I., Kertész M., Altbäcker V.. Competition between European hare and European rabbit in a lowland área, Hungary: A long-term ecological study in the period of rabbit extinction. Folia Zool. 2004;53:255–268.
  53. Puig S., Videla F., Cona M.I., Monge S.A.. Diet of the brown hare (Lepus europaeus) and food availability in northern Patagonia (Mendoza, Argentina). Mamm. Biol. 2006.
    doi: 10.1016/j.mambio.2006.08.006google scholar: lookup
  54. Wolff J.O.. Food Habits of Snowshoe Hares in Interior Alaska. J. Wildl. Manag. 1978;42:148–153.
    doi: 10.2307/3800702google scholar: lookup
  55. McInnis M.L., Vavra M.. Dietary Relationships among Feral Horses, Cattle, and Pronghorn in Southeastern Oregon. J. Range Manag. 1987;40:60–66.
    doi: 10.2307/3899363google scholar: lookup
  56. Krysl L.J., Sowell B.F., Hubbert M.E., Plumb G.E., Jewett T.K., Smith M.A., Waggoner J.W.. Horses and Cattle Grazing in the Wyoming Red Desert, II. Dietary Quality. J. Range Manag. 1984;37:252–256.
    doi: 10.2307/3899149google scholar: lookup
  57. Hosten P.E., Whitridge H., Broyles M.. VDiet Overlap and Social Interactions among Cattle, Horses, Deer and Elk in the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument, Southwest. Oregon. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, US Medford. 2007. [(accessed on 5 October 2020)]; Available online: https://www.blm.gov/or/districts/medford/files/dietoverlap.pdf.
  58. Uresk D.W.. Diets of the Black-tailed Hare in Steppe Vegetation. J. Range Manag. 1978;31:439–442.
    doi: 10.2307/3897202google scholar: lookup
  59. Castellaro G., Urra H., Hidalgo J., Orellana C., Escanilla J.P.. Sheep and goat grazing diets on an annual Mediterranean grassland containing tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum (PODP.)). Cien. Inv. Agr. 2018;45:240–250.
    doi: 10.7764/rcia.v45i3.1836google scholar: lookup
  60. Schai-Braun SC, Reichlin TS, Ruf T, Klansek E, Tataruch F, Arnold W, Hackländer K. The European Hare (Lepus europaeus): A Picky Herbivore Searching for Plant Parts Rich in Fat.. PLoS One 2015;10(7):e0134278.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134278pmc: PMC4521881pubmed: 26230115google scholar: lookup
  61. Reus M.L., Peco B., De los Ríos C., Giannoni S.M., Campos C.M.. Trophic interactions between two medium-sized mammals: The case of the native Dolichotis patagonum and the exotic Lepus europaeus in a hyper-arid ecosystem. Acta Theriol. 2013;58:205–214.
    doi: 10.1007/s13364-012-0110-0google scholar: lookup
  62. Reus M.L., Cappa F.M., Andinoa N., Campos V.E., De los Ríos C., Campos C.M.. Trophic interactions between the native guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and the exotic donkey (Equus asinus) in the hyper-arid Monte desert (Ischigualasto Park, Argentina). Stud. oNeotrop. Fauna Environ. 2014;49:159–168.
    doi: 10.1080/01650521.2014.948772google scholar: lookup
  63. Linares L., Linares V., Mendoza G., Peláez F., Rodríguez E., Phum C.. Preferencias alimenticias del guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis) y su competencia con el ganado doméstico en la Reserva Nacional de Calipuy, Perú. Sci. Agropecu. 2010;1:225–234.
    doi: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2010.04.06google scholar: lookup
  64. Kuzyk G.W., Hudson R.J.. Animal-unit equivalence of bison, wapiti, and mule deer in the aspen parkland of Alberta. Can. J. Zool. 2007;85:767–773.
    doi: 10.1139/Z07-058google scholar: lookup
  65. KLEIBER M. Body size and metabolic rate.. Physiol Rev 1947 Oct;27(4):511-41.
    doi: 10.1152/physrev.1947.27.4.511pubmed: 20267758google scholar: lookup
  66. Hobbs N.T., Carpenter L.H.. Viewpoint: Animal-Unit Equivalents Should Be Weighted by Dietary Differences. J. Range Manag. 1986;39:470.
    doi: 10.2307/3899454google scholar: lookup
  67. Bull J, Bas F, Silva-Guzmán M, Wentzel HH, Keim JP, Gandarillas M. Characterization of Feeding, Sport Management, and Routine Care of the Chilean Corralero Horse during Rodeo Season.. Animals (Basel) 2019 Sep 17;9(9).
    doi: 10.3390/ani9090697pmc: PMC6770600pubmed: 31533372google scholar: lookup
  68. De Lamo D.A.. South American Camelids in Argentina. History, Use, and Animal Health. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA) Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca; Buenos Aires, Argentina: 2011. p. 37.
  69. Frylestam B.. Growth and Body Weight of European Hares in Southern Sweden. Holarctic Ecol. 1980;3:81–86.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1980.tb00711.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  70. Viviano A, Mori E, Fattorini N, Mazza G, Lazzeri L, Panichi A, Strianese L, Mohamed WF. Spatiotemporal Overlap between the European Brown Hare and Its Potential Predators and Competitors.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Feb 21;11(2).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11020562pmc: PMC7924828pubmed: 33669965google scholar: lookup
  71. Tirado C., Cortés A., Miranda–Urbina E., Carretero M.A.. Trophic preferences in an assemblage of mammal herbivores from Andean Puna (Northern Chile). J. Arid. Environ. 2012;79:8–12.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.12.003google scholar: lookup
  72. Castellaro G, Orellana C, Escanilla J, Bastías C, Cerpa P, Raggi L. Botanical Composition and Diet Quality of the Vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna Mol.) in Highland Range of Parinacota, Chile.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Jul 16;10(7).
    doi: 10.3390/ani10071205pmc: PMC7401540pubmed: 32708523google scholar: lookup
  73. Provenza F.D., Villalba J.J., Dziba L.E., Atwood S.B., Banner R.E.. Linking herbivore experience, varied diets and plant biochemical diversity. Small Rumin. Res. 2003;49:257–274.
    doi: 10.1016/S0921-4488(03)00143-3google scholar: lookup
  74. Stamps J., Tanaka S., Krishnan V.. The relationship between selectivity and food abundance in a juvenile lizard. Ecology 1981;64:1079–1092.
    doi: 10.2307/1937006google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Freschi P, Fascetti S, Riga F, Rizzardini G, Fortebraccio M, Ragni M, Paolino R, Cosentino C. Diet Selection by the Italian Hare (Lepus corsicanus de Winton, 1898) in Two Protected Coastal Areas of Latium. Animals (Basel) 2022 Mar 9;12(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12060687pubmed: 35327084google scholar: lookup
  2. Freschi P, Fascetti S, Riga F, Zaccaroni M, Giannini F, Langella E, Cosentino C. Feeding Behavior of the European Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus, Leu2 Haplotype) on Pianosa Island: Insights into the Absence of Trophic Competition. Vet Sci 2025 Jun 3;12(6).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci12060546pubmed: 40559783google scholar: lookup
  3. Castellaro GL, Orellana CL, Escanilla JP, Fuentes-Allende N, González BA. Preliminary Report on Diet Estimation of Taruka (Hippocamelus antisensis d'Orbigny, 1834) in an Agricultural Area of the Andean Foothills of the Tarapacá Region, Chile. Animals (Basel) 2024 Jun 18;14(12).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14121814pubmed: 38929433google scholar: lookup
  4. Zhang N, Zhang Z, Liu C, Xiong Z, Wei Y, Meng D, Zhan M, Li Z, Zhao Y, Teng L, Liu Z. Seasonal Diet Composition of Goitered Gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in an Arid and Semi-Arid Region of Western China. Animals (Basel) 2024 Feb 20;14(5).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14050663pubmed: 38473048google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,658 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.