Superficial and deep mycoses in horses.

The research article discusses different causes, types and transmission methods of both superficial and deep fungal infections in horses worldwide, with a special focus on North America.

Superficial and Deep Fungal Infections in Horses

The paper first asserts that fungal infections in horses are a global issue, and their development depends on a number of factors such as:

• Geographical location
• Temperature
• Humidity

The research particularly sheds light on the problem in the context of North America.

Superficial Mycotic Infections: Dermatomycosis

The article deep dives into the study of Dermatomycotic infections, which affect the keratinized layer of the dermis, the hair and the hooves of horses. Causes of this condition include fungi called Dermatophytes, with Trichophyton and Microsporum being the most common varieties. The study underscores that the problem is not specific to a particular breed or sex, but young horses in environments with poor sanitation, excessive dampness, inadequate ventilation and poor nutrition, are most susceptible.

Etiology of Superficial Mycotic Infections

Focusing on the causative agents, the study identifies five dermatophytes being responsible for over 95% of superficial fungal infections in horses. The majority of these are animal associated organisms, with Trichophyton equinum being the most common. Other relevant organisms include Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton verrucosum, which are most commonly found with dogs, cats and cattle. The only soil-inhabiting organism of importance to horses is Microsporum gypseum. These organisms typically form spores outside the hair shafts of the guest animal.

Transmission of Superficial Mycotic Infections

The article also provides a comprehensive description of transmission methods. Natural infection usually results from direct contact with infected animals or humans. Contrarily, indirect transmission often gets overlooked as a source, the paper warns. It can occur via equipment like brushes, riding tack, and clothing, which can carry and spread the infection for months.