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Archives of virology2023; 168(2); 35; doi: 10.1007/s00705-022-05631-3

Surveillance of Getah virus in mosquitoes and racehorses from 2016 to 2019 at a training center in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, a site of several previous Getah virus outbreaks.

Abstract: Mosquitoes and EDTA-treated blood samples from febrile racehorses were investigated for Getah virus infection from 2016 to 2019 at the Miho Training Center, where several outbreaks of Getah virus have occurred. We collected 5557 mosquitoes and 331 blood samples from febrile horses in this study. The most frequently captured mosquito species was Culex tritaeniorhynchus (51.9%), followed by Aedes vexans nipponii (14.2%) and Anopheles sinensis (11.2%). Getah virus was detected in mosquitoes (Aedes vexans nipponii) in 2016 (strain 16-0810-26) but not in 2017-2019. Six of 74 febrile horses in 2016 and one of 69 in 2019 tested positive for Getah virus; none of the horses tested positive in 2017 or 2018. Phylogenetic and sequence analysis showed that strain 16-0810-26 was closely related to strains that had been isolated from horses and a pig around the training center in 2014-2016 but have not been detected in samples collected at the training center since 2017. In contrast, the strain isolated from the infected horse in 2019 (19-I-703) was genetically distinct from the strains isolated from horses and a pig in 2014-2016 and was more closely related to a strain isolated in 1978 at the training center. The source of strain 19-I-703 is unclear, but the virus was not detected in other horses sampled in 2019. In summary, we found that the distribution of mosquito species present at the training center had not changed significantly since 1979, and although a small outbreak of Getah virus infection occurred among horses at the training center in 2016, limited Getah virus activity was detected in mosquitoes and horses at the training center from 2017 to 2019.
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
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Publication Date: 2023-01-07 PubMed ID: 36609628PubMed Central: 4412242DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05631-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the occurrence of Getah virus in mosquitoes and horses at the Miho Training Center in Japan from 2016 to 2019, located within a region previously plagued by Getah virus outbreaks. The study reveals varying instances of the virus over this period and presents a comparative genetic analysis of different strains.

Study Design

  • The researchers undertook a comprehensive investigation of the Getah virus at the Miho Training Center, a horse training facility previously hit by several outbreaks of the virus.
  • They collected mosquitoes and EDTA-treated blood from feverish horses at the center from 2016 to 2019. The total sample included 5557 mosquitoes and 331 horse blood samples.
  • Collected mosquitoes were identified and analyzed for species and Getah virus presence, while horse samples were tested for the virus too.
  • The team leveraged phylogenetic and sequence analysis methods to compare detected virus strains’ genetic characteristics.

Main Findings

  • The prevalent mosquito species was Culex tritaeniorhynchus, accounting for 51.9% of collected samples, with Aedes vexans nipponii (14.2%) and Anopheles sinensis (11.2%) following.
  • Getah virus was detected in Aedes vexans nipponii mosquitoes in 2016, but no traces were noted from 2017 to 2019.
  • Out of 74 feverish horses in 2016, six tested positive for Getah virus, and one out of 69 in 2019. No horse tested positive in 2017 or 2018.

Genetic Analysis of Detected Virus

  • The 2016 mosquito virus strain was closely related to virus strains detected in horses and a pig around the training center from 2014 to 2016.
  • However, the virus strain from the 2019 sick horse exhibited genetic differences from the 2014-2016 strains. It was genetically akin to the strain detected in 1978 at the same facility.
  • The source of the distinct 2019 strain remains unidentified as no other horse sampled that year had the virus detected.

Study Conclusion

  • Overall, the species distribution of mosquitoes at the training center remained relatively consistent since 1979.
  • Despite a minor Getah virus outbreak among horses at the facility in 2016, the study found limited instances of the virus among horses and mosquitoes from 2017 to 2019.

Cite This Article

APA
Ochi A, Bannai H, Aonuma H, Kanuka H, Uchida-Fujii E, Kinoshita Y, Ohta M, Kambayashi Y, Tsujimura K, Ueno T, Nemoto M. (2023). Surveillance of Getah virus in mosquitoes and racehorses from 2016 to 2019 at a training center in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, a site of several previous Getah virus outbreaks. Arch Virol, 168(2), 35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05631-3

Publication

Archives of virology
ISSN: 1432-8798
NlmUniqueID: 7506870
Country: Austria
Language: English
Volume: 168
Issue: 2
Pages: 35

Researcher Affiliations

Ochi, Akihiro
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Bannai, Hiroshi
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Aonuma, Hiroka
  • Department of Tropical Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Kanuka, Hirotaka
  • Department of Tropical Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Uchida-Fujii, Eri
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Kinoshita, Yuta
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Ohta, Minoru
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Kambayashi, Yoshinori
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Tsujimura, Koji
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Ueno, Takanori
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Nemoto, Manabu
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan. nemoto_manabu@equinst.go.jp.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Swine
  • Alphavirus
  • Japan / epidemiology
  • Phylogeny
  • Aedes
  • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
  • Virus Diseases / epidemiology

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Shen J, Liu S, Liu S, Shen S, Lei M, Xu Q, Li W, He Q, Xu X, Cai X. Genomic surveillance and evolution of Getah virus. Virus Evol 2025;11(1):veaf007.
    doi: 10.1093/ve/veaf007pubmed: 39989716google scholar: lookup
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