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Australian veterinary journal2026; doi: 10.1111/avj.70059

Survey describing the perspectives and practices of Australian veterinarians to pain management in horses.

Abstract: To describe Australian practices and attitudes regarding equine analgesia. Methods: Cross-sectional anonymous, voluntary survey of Australian veterinarians treating equine patients. Methods: Australian veterinarians in equine or mixed practices completed a six-section, 60-question survey between November 2019 to August 2020. Information was gathered on demographics, analgesia prescription, pain assessment and attitudes surrounding specific analgesics. Respondents assigned a pain score ranging from 0 to 10 for various conditions; these were averaged to give each respondent an "average pain score". Results: Data from 153 respondents were included for analysis. The majority of respondents were female (68%). There was no obvious effect of gender on practice type, with approximately half of respondents working in equine exclusive (50.3%) or mixed (49.7%) practice irrespective of gender. Butorphanol was the most frequently used opioid, with 25.5% and 39.2% of respondents using it "every day" and "a few times a week", respectively. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was diverse, with phenylbutazone, flunixin and meloxicam being the most administered. Formal pain scales were infrequently used, with more than 35% of respondents reporting no pain scale being utilised commonly. In response to various clinical scenarios, veterinarians graduating less than 10 years ago were more likely to assign high average pain scores compared to respondents graduating more than 10 years ago (78.0% vs. 66.0%, respectively). Female veterinarians were more likely to assign high average pain severity scores than males (73.0% vs. 60.0%, respectively). However, in the multivariable analysis, none of the predictors were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: This survey demonstrates that demographic factors influence the attitudes of Australian equine veterinarians regarding pain and there may be opportunities to educate and optimise pain assessment and protocol choices.
© 2026 The Author(s). Australian Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Veterinary Association.
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Publication Date: 2026-02-05 PubMed ID: 41644283DOI: 10.1111/avj.70059Google Scholar: Lookup
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APA
Whitelock A, Goodwin W, Dryburgh L, Mshelbwala PP, Rae L, Marwedel L, Lok T, Kemp K, Stewart AJ. (2026). Survey describing the perspectives and practices of Australian veterinarians to pain management in horses. Aust Vet J. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.70059

Publication

Australian veterinary journal
ISSN: 1751-0813
NlmUniqueID: 0370616
Country: England
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Whitelock, A
  • School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia.
Goodwin, W
  • School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia.
Dryburgh, L
  • Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Australia, 78 Waterloo Rd, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2113, Australia.
Mshelbwala, P P
  • School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia.
  • Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 105 Prince St, Orange, New South Wales, 2800, Australia.
Rae, L
  • Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Australia, 78 Waterloo Rd, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2113, Australia.
Marwedel, L
  • Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Australia, 78 Waterloo Rd, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2113, Australia.
Lok, T
  • Randwick Equine Specialists, Horsley Park, New South Wales, 2175, Australia.
Kemp, K
  • School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia.
Stewart, A J
  • School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia.

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