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Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society2019; 37(5); 1071-1079; doi: 10.1002/jor.24281

Temporal changes in synovial fluid composition and elastoviscous lubrication in the equine carpal fracture model.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine temporal variations in synovial fluid composition and lubrication following articular fracture. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) was induced by creating an osteochondral fracture in the middle carpal joint of four horses while the contralateral limb served as a sham-operated control. Horses were exercised on a high-speed treadmill, and synovial fluid was collected pre-operatively and at serial timepoints until 75 days post-operatively. Lubricin and hyaluronic acid (HA) concentrations were measured using sandwich ELISAs, and the molecular weight distribution of HA was analyzed via gel electrophoresis. Synovial fluid viscosity and cartilage friction coefficients across all modes of lubrication were measured on days 0, 19, 33, and 61 using a commercial rheometer and a custom tribometer, respectively. HA concentrations were significantly decreased post-operatively, and high molecular weight HA (>6.1MDa) did not recover to pre-operative values by the study termination at day 75. Lubricin concentrations increased after surgery to a greater extent in the OA as compared to sham-operated limbs. Viscosity was significantly reduced after surgery. While boundary and elastoviscous mode friction coefficients did not vary, the transition number, representing the shift between these modes, was lower. Although more pronounced in the OA limbs, similar derangements in HA, HA molecular weight distribution, viscosity, and transition number were observed in the sham-operated limbs, which may be explained by synovial fluid washout during arthroscopy. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
© 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Publication Date: 2019-03-28 PubMed ID: 30859611PubMed Central: PMC6768400DOI: 10.1002/jor.24281Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study investigates how the composition of synovial fluid, specifically its lubrication properties, changes over time following a joint fracture in horses, and how this relates to the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

Research Objectives and Methodology

The main goal of this research was to analyze changes, over a certain period of time, in synovial fluid composition and its lubrication properties after a joint injury. The study was conducted on horses, specifically focusing on articular fractures in the carpal (knee) joint.

  • An osteochondral fracture was intentionally created in the middle carpal joint of four horses to induce post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). The contralateral limb (opposite limb) of each horse was operated on but not damaged in the same way to serve as a control sample.
  • The horses were exercised on a high-speed treadmill, and samples of synovial fluid were collected before the operation and at several time points up till 75 days after the operation.
  • The concentrations of lubricin and hyaluronic acid (HA) in the synovial fluid were measured, as well as the molecular weight distribution of HA.
  • The viscosity of the synovial fluid and the friction coefficients of cartilage were also measured on various days post-surgery.

Findings

  • The research found that the concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA), a primary component of synovial fluid responsible for its elastic properties, reduced significantly after surgery. The high molecular weight of HA did not recover to its pre-operative values by the final day of the study, suggesting a permanent alteration in synovial fluid composition due to the fracture.
  • The concentration of lubricin, a protein that contributes to joint lubrication, increased more in the limbs with osteoarthritis compared to the control (sham-operated) limbs after surgery.
  • Viscosity of the synovial fluid, a key contributor to its lubrication properties, reduced significantly after surgery.
  • While the friction coefficients did not vary across different lubrication modes, transition number (which indicates the shift between these modes) was found to be lower.
  • Similar alterations in HA levels, HA molecular weight distribution, viscosity, and transition number were observed in the sham-operated joints. This may have been due to a washout of synovial fluid during arthroscopy, casting doubt on the suitability of using such limbs as controls in this experimental setup.

Conclusion

This research provides valuable insights into the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). It suggests that a joint fracture can lead to significant alterations in the composition and lubrication properties of synovial fluid, potentially exacerbating the progression of osteoarthritis after trauma. It also raises questions about the utility of sham-operated limbs as controls in such studies, as these too showed some changes potentially due to the surgical procedure itself.

Cite This Article

APA
Feeney E, Peal BT, Inglis JE, Su J, Nixon AJ, Bonassar LJ, Reesink HL. (2019). Temporal changes in synovial fluid composition and elastoviscous lubrication in the equine carpal fracture model. J Orthop Res, 37(5), 1071-1079. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.24281

Publication

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
ISSN: 1554-527X
NlmUniqueID: 8404726
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 37
Issue: 5
Pages: 1071-1079

Researcher Affiliations

Feeney, Elizabeth
  • Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Peal, Bridgette T
  • Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Inglis, Jacqueline E
  • Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Su, Jin
  • Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Nixon, Alan J
  • Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Bonassar, Lawrence J
  • Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
  • Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Reesink, Heidi L
  • Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Carpal Joints / injuries
  • Carpal Joints / metabolism
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Female
  • Glycoproteins / metabolism
  • Horses
  • Hyaluronic Acid / metabolism
  • Male
  • Osteoarthritis / etiology
  • Osteoarthritis / metabolism
  • Synovial Fluid / metabolism

Grant Funding

  • K08 AR068469 / NIAMS NIH HHS

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