The biology of equine mesenchymal stem cells: phenotypic characterization, cell surface markers and multilineage differentiation.
Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can give rise to a range of connective tissue cells including osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. MSCs have been isolated from humans and a variety of animal species including rodents, dogs, horses and rabbits. There is currently no consensus on how these cells are identified and characterized. This is partly due to the lack of standardized specific cell surface markers for MSCs. The aim of this review is to examine the literature on equine MSCs and establish whether there is a well-defined phenotype for these cells. Equine MSCs have been obtained from four main sources, bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord (blood and matrix) and peripheral blood. MSCs from these tissue sources have been shown to undergo chondrogenic, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. However the markers used to identify these cells vary significantly in the literature. Despite this, CD90 and CD34 seem to be reliable positive and negative markers respectively. Our understanding of the biology of equine MSCs will benefit from better reagents for their phenotypic characterization. The antibodies and molecular probes needed for the reliable identification of equine MSCs are not standardized and this is a high priority for future research.
Publication Date: 2012-01-01 PubMed ID: 22201780DOI: 10.2741/3963Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Review
Summary
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This study explores the characteristics, cell surface indicators, and variable lineage differentiation of equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), stating the need for standardization in their identification and suggesting potential reliable markers.
Background
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of multipotent stem cells. These cells have the ability to develop into a variety of connective tissue cells, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. MSCs can be isolated from humans and several animal species like dogs, rodents, rabbits, and horses.
- However, there is currently no universal agreement on the techniques to identify and characterize MSCs. This lack of consensus is partly due to non-standardized, specific cell surface markers for MSCs.
Research Aim and Main Findings
- This research aims to review existing literature on equine MSCs to define a distinct phenotype, or set of observable characteristics, for these cells.
- The four main sources for obtaining equine MSCs are bone marrow, adipose tissue, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord (both blood and matrix).
- MSCs derived from these tissues can undergo chondrogenic (forming cartilage), osteogenic (forming bone), and adipogenic (forming fat cells) differentiation, implying their potential in various therapeutic applications.
- However, the cell surface markers used for identification significantly differ in various scientific literature, posing a problem for standardization. In spite of this, the research implies that CD90 could be a reliable positive marker and CD34 a reliable negative marker for identifying equine MSCs.
Future Implications
- Better understanding of equine MSCs’ biology necessitates more effective tools for their phenotypic characterization.
- Antibodies and molecular probes currently used for identified equine MSCs lack standardization.
- This points towards a high-priority need for future research in this field, to create reliable and standardized markers for the better identification of these cells.
Cite This Article
APA
Penny J, Harris P, Shakesheff KM, Mobasheri A.
(2012).
The biology of equine mesenchymal stem cells: phenotypic characterization, cell surface markers and multilineage differentiation.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed), 17(3), 892-908.
https://doi.org/10.2741/3963 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Division of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antigens, CD34 / metabolism
- Antigens, Surface / metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Horses / anatomy & histology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells / metabolism
- Multipotent Stem Cells / cytology
- Multipotent Stem Cells / metabolism
- Phenotype
- Thy-1 Antigens / metabolism
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Stage HJ, Trappe S, Söllig K, Trachsel DS, Kirsch K, Zieger C, Merle R, Aschenbach JR, Gehlen H. Multilineage Differentiation Potential of Equine Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells from Different Sources. Animals (Basel) 2023 Apr 15;13(8).
- Heilen LB, Roßgardt J, Dern-Wieloch J, Vogelsberg J, Staszyk C. Isolation and cultivation as well as in situ identification of MSCs from equine dental pulp and periodontal ligament. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1116671.
- Bento G, Shafigullina AK, Rizvanov AA, Sardão VA, Macedo MP, Oliveira PJ. Urine-Derived Stem Cells: Applications in Regenerative and Predictive Medicine. Cells 2020 Feb 28;9(3).
- Gao C, Peng S, Feng P, Shuai C. Bone biomaterials and interactions with stem cells. Bone Res 2017;5:17059.
- Davies OG, Cooper PR, Shelton RM, Smith AJ, Scheven BA. Isolation of adipose and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using CD29 and CD90 modifies their capacity for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. J Tissue Eng 2015 Jan-Dec;6:2041731415592356.
- Martino NA, Reshkin SJ, Ciani E, Dell'Aquila ME. Calcium-sensing receptor-mediated osteogenic and early-stage neurogenic differentiation in umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells from a large animal model. PLoS One 2014;9(11):e111533.
- Liu X, Li D, Jiang D, Fang Y. Acetylcholine secretion by motor neuron-like cells from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2013 Aug 5;8(22):2086-92.
- Cadby JA, Buehler E, Godbout C, van Weeren PR, Snedeker JG. Differences between the cell populations from the peritenon and the tendon core with regard to their potential implication in tendon repair. PLoS One 2014;9(3):e92474.
- Lang R, Liu G, Shi Y, Bharadwaj S, Leng X, Zhou X, Liu H, Atala A, Zhang Y. Self-renewal and differentiation capacity of urine-derived stem cells after urine preservation for 24 hours. PLoS One 2013;8(1):e53980.
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