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Home / Equine Research Bank / Mol Immunol / The different effector function capabilities of the seven eq...
Molecular immunology2007; 45(3); 818-827; doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06.158

The different effector function capabilities of the seven equine IgG subclasses have implications for vaccine strategies.

Abstract: Recombinant versions of the seven equine IgG subclasses were expressed in CHO cells. All assembled into intact immunoglobulins stabilised by disulphide bridges, although, reminiscent of human IgG4, a small proportion of equine IgG4 and IgG7 were held together by non-covalent bonds alone. All seven IgGs were N-glycosylated. In addition IgG3 appeared to be O-glycosylated and could bind the lectin jacalin. Staphylococcal protein A displayed weak binding for the equine IgGs in the order: IgG1>IgG3>IgG4>IgG7>IgG2=IgG5>IgG6. Streptococcal protein G bound strongly to IgG1, IgG4 and IgG7, moderately to IgG3, weakly to IgG2 and IgG6, and not at all to IgG5. Analysis of antibody effector functions revealed that IgG1, IgG3, IgG4, IgG5 and IgG7, but not IgG2 and IgG6, were able to elicit a strong respiratory burst from equine peripheral blood leukocytes, predicting that the former five IgG subclasses are able to interact with Fc receptors on effector cells. IgG1, IgG3, IgG4 and IgG7, but not IgG2, IgG5 and IgG6, were able to bind complement C1q and activate complement via the classical pathway. The differential effector function capabilities of the subclasses suggest that, for maximum efficacy, equine vaccine strategies should seek to elicit antibody responses of the IgG1, IgG3, IgG4, and IgG7 subclasses.
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Publication Date: 2007-07-31 PubMed ID: 17669496PubMed Central: PMC2075531DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06.158Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the different functionalities of the seven equine IgG subclasses, indicating the implications of these differences on vaccine strategies for horses. Recombinant versions of all subclasses were studied, and it has been stated that the variation in effector functions in these subclasses implies an optimized vaccine strategy would involve inducing antibody responses of IgG1, IgG3, IgG4, and IgG7 subclasses.

Expression and Assembly of Equine IgG Subclasses

  • The team used recombinant technology to express all seven equine IgG subclasses in CHO cells, a type of mammalian cell often used in biological and medical research.
  • All subclasses successfully formed intact immunoglobulins, stabilized by connections known as disulfide bridges.
  • However, it was noticed that a small proportion of IgG4 and IgG7 subclasses were held together through non-covalent bonds alone, similar to characteristics seen in human IgG4.

Protein Binding and Glycosylation of Equine IgG Subclasses

  • All seven IgG subclasses underwent a process called N-glycosylation, where sugars are added to the molecule.
  • The IgG3 subclass also appeared to go through O-glycosylation (another type of sugar addition process), and was able to bind to the lectin jacalin, which is a type of protein.
  • In tests with Staphylococcal protein A, this protein displayed weak binding to the equine IgGs, with varying degrees of strength across the subclasses.
  • Similarly, Streptococcal protein G showed diverse binding strengths across the subclasses, with no binding at all to IgG5.

Effector Function Capabilities of Equine IgG Subclasses

  • The team evaluated the effector functions of the subclasses, focusing on the ability to trigger a strong respiratory burst from the horse’s leukocytes (white blood cells).
  • IgG1, IgG3, IgG4, IgG5 and IgG7 were able to induce a strong respiratory burst, suggesting they can interact with Fc receptors on effector cells. Fc receptors are responsible for various immune responses and biological functions.
  • Among the subsets, IgG1, IgG3, IgG4, and IgG7 were able to bind complement C1q and activate a complement system via the classical pathway. This pathway is an integral part of the immune response in our bodies.
  • IgG2 and IgG6 failed to trigger the respiratory burst and bind complement C1q, implying these will not elicit the required immunological response.

Vaccine Implication

  • Because of the differences in effector function capabilities of the subclasses, the researchers suggest that for ensuring maximum efficiency, equine vaccines should aim at stimulating antibody responses catered towards the IgG1, IgG3, IgG4 and IgG7 subclasses.

Cite This Article

APA
Lewis MJ, Wagner B, Woof JM. (2007). The different effector function capabilities of the seven equine IgG subclasses have implications for vaccine strategies. Mol Immunol, 45(3), 818-827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06.158

Publication

Molecular immunology
ISSN: 0161-5890
NlmUniqueID: 7905289
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 45
Issue: 3
Pages: 818-827

Researcher Affiliations

Lewis, Melanie J
  • Division of Pathology and Neuroscience, University of Dundee Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
Wagner, Bettina
    Woof, Jenny M

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Antibody Formation
      • Bacterial Proteins / chemistry
      • CHO Cells
      • Complement C1q / chemistry
      • Complement C1q / genetics
      • Complement C1q / immunology
      • Cricetinae
      • Cricetulus
      • Glycosylation
      • Horses / genetics
      • Horses / immunology
      • Immunoglobulin G / chemistry
      • Immunoglobulin G / genetics
      • Immunoglobulin G / immunology
      • Mice
      • Plant Lectins / chemistry
      • Receptors, Fc / chemistry
      • Receptors, Fc / immunology
      • Recombinant Proteins / chemistry
      • Recombinant Proteins / genetics
      • Recombinant Proteins / immunology
      • Staphylococcal Protein A / chemistry
      • Vaccines / immunology

      Grant Funding

      • Wellcome Trust
      • 074863 / Wellcome Trust

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