The effect of blood contamination on equine synovial fluid analysis.
Abstract: Based on a systemic complete blood count and a synovial fluid sample, to develop a mathematical model enabling the approximation of corrected values for synovial fluid white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil percentage, and total protein concentration in samples of synovial fluid that were contaminated by blood. Methods: Peripheral venous blood and synovial fluid samples were obtained from ten horses. A pooled synovial fluid sample from each horse was separated into 2 mL aliquots, which were subsequently contaminated with a known percentage of autogenous blood (0 to 50% of the synovial fluid volume). A complete blood count, packed cell volume, total protein (TP) concentration, and differential cytological examination were performed in all the synovial fluid and venous blood samples. Regression analysis was used to generate a model to calculate non-contaminated synovial WBC count, TP concentration and synovial neutrophil percentage. Using a further five horses these models were applied in blinded fashion to contaminated synovial fluid samples. Calculated values were compared to non-contaminated measured values. Results: Model results for synovial WBC count and TP concentration were not significantly different from measured values. Calculated neutrophil percentage of synovial fluid WBC was a mean of 6.6% higher than measured values and was significantly different. There was no effect of the severity of contamination (as a percentage of volume) on the ability of the models to predict any of the outcome variables. Conclusions: It is possible to calculate non-contaminated synovial fluid WBC and TP values, but not neutrophil percentage, from heavily contaminated samples. Further study would allow for improved prediction, validation and extrapolation to a wider horse population.
Publication Date: 2012-10-29 PubMed ID: 23111915DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-12-01-0008Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Blood
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Equine Health
- Hematology
- Horses
- In Vivo
- Inflammation
- Laboratory Methods
- Predictive Model
- Regression Analysis
- Synovial Fluid
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Practice
- Veterinary Research
- White Blood Cells
Summary
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This research article designs a mathematical model for approximating the accurate values of White Blood Cell count, neutrophil percentage, and total protein concentration in horse synovial fluid that may have been contaminated with blood. The results suggest that the model can accurately approximate the first two values, but more research is needed for neutrophil percentage.
Research Methodology
- In order to develop the mathematical model, the researchers gathered complete blood count and synovial fluid samples from ten horses.
- Then, they divided fluid samples from each horse into 2 mL aliquots. These aliquots were purposely contaminated with known percentages (0 to 50%) of autogenous blood (blood originating from the same individual).
- After this, they carried out a complete blood count, packed cell volume, total protein concentration, and differential cytological examination on all synovial fluid and venous blood samples.
- Using Regression analysis, the researchers generated a model that would help calculate non-contaminated synovial WBC count, TP concentration, and synovial neutrophil percentage.
- This model was then applied to contaminated synovial fluid samples from an additional five horses, in a blind study.
Research Findings
- The calculated values for synovial White Blood Cell count and Total Protein concentration were similar to the actual measured values, indicating that the model was successful in approximating them.
- However, the calculated neutrophil percentage was an average of 6.6% higher than actual measured values, which was a statistically significant difference. This suggests that the model requires more refinement to accurately estimate neutrophil percentage.
- The researchers noted that the severity of contamination (percentage of volume) did not significantly impact the model’s predictive ability for any of the outcome variables.
Conclusion and Future Steps
- The study concludes that the proposed mathematical model can be used to calculate non-contaminated values of synovial fluid WBC count and Total Protein values, even in heavily contaminated samples. On the other hand, more research and refinement is needed to predict neutrophil percentage accurately.
- Future studies could help in improving this prediction model allowing it to be validated and applied to a wider horse population.
Cite This Article
APA
Roquet I, Hendrick S, Carmalt JL.
(2012).
The effect of blood contamination on equine synovial fluid analysis.
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol, 25(6), 460-465.
https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-12-01-0008 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cell Count / veterinary
- Horses
- Models, Biological
- Reproducibility of Results
- Specimen Handling
- Synovial Fluid / chemistry
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Gustafsson K, Tatz AJ, Dahan R, Abu Ahmad W, Britzi M, Sutton GA, Kelmer G. Synovial Concentration of Trimethoprim-Sulphadiazine Following Regional Limb Perfusion in Standing Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 13;11(7).
- Ottink KD, Strahm C, Muller-Kobold A, Sendi P, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M. Factors to Consider When Assessing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Synovial Leukocyte Count in Periprosthetic Joint Infection.. J Bone Jt Infect 2019;4(4):167-173.
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