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Annual review of animal biosciences2012; 1; 419-442; doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-031412-103703

The equine endometrial cup reaction: a fetomaternal signal of significance.

Abstract: A remarkable feature of equine pregnancy is the development of the invasive trophoblast of the chorionic girdle and its formation of the gonadotrophin-secreting endometrial cup cells in early gestation. The details of this process have been revealed only slowly over the past century, since the first description of the endometrial cups in 1912. This centennial presents an opportunity to review the characteristics of the cells and molecules involved in this early, critical phase of placentation in the mare. The invasiveness of the chorionic girdle trophoblast appears to represent an atavistic attribute more commonly associated with the hemochorial placentae of primates and rodents but not with the more recently derived epitheliochorial placentae of the odd-toed ungulates. The nature of and raison d'être for the strong fetal signals transmitted to the mare by the endometrial cup reaction, and her responses to these messages, are the subject of the present review.
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Publication Date: 2012-12-13 PubMed ID: 25387026PubMed Central: PMC4641323DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-031412-103703Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article details the development and significance of the endometrial cup cells produced during the early stages of equine pregnancy. Key themes discussed include how characteristics of this fetomaternal signaling process have gradually been understood over the past century, and an exploration of the function and influence of these signals on the mare.

Understanding the Endometrial Cup Reaction in Horses

Early in equine gestation, a critical phase of placentation involves the endometrial cup cells. These special cells, which secrete gonadotrophin, have characteristics that are:

  • Formed from the invasive trophoblast of the chorionic girdle
  • Important for fetomaternal signaling
  • Unique to the mare, as compared to other species

These cellular processes have been under investigation since the first description of the endometrial cups in 1912. Over this period, scientists have continuously added to our understanding of the cells and molecules involved in this imperative stage of equine pregnancy.

The Invasive Nature of the Chorionic Girdle Trophoblast

The invasive nature of the chorionic girdle trophoblast is seen as an atavistic characteristic—not typically seen in the newer placentae structures found in odd-toed ungulates, but is associated with the hemochorial placentae of rodents and primates. The researchers:

  • Consider this attribute to be a throwback or reversion to earlier types found in ‘ancient’ species
  • Discuss its unique relevance to the mare and how it differentiates this species from others

Signal Transmission from the Fetus to the Mare

The core aspect covered by the review is the strong fetal signals transmitted to the mother by the endometrial cup reaction. The authors delve into:

  • Understanding the purpose, or raison d’être, for these signals
  • Investigating how the mare responds to these signals
  • The consequences of these responses on both the mother and fetus

By unraveling the nature of these signals and the mare’s responses, the researchers aim to deepen our understanding of equine reproduction and prenatal development. This could potentially provide insights that improve equine breeding practices.

Cite This Article

APA
Antczak DF, de Mestre AM, Wilsher S, Allen WR. (2012). The equine endometrial cup reaction: a fetomaternal signal of significance. Annu Rev Anim Biosci, 1, 419-442. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-031412-103703

Publication

Annual review of animal biosciences
ISSN: 2165-8110
NlmUniqueID: 101614024
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 1
Pages: 419-442

Researcher Affiliations

Antczak, D F
  • Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; email: doug.antczak@cornell.edu.
de Mestre, Amanda M
    Wilsher, Sandra
      Allen, W R

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Chorion
        • Endometrium / physiology
        • Female
        • Horses / physiology
        • Maternal-Fetal Relations / physiology
        • Pregnancy
        • Trophoblasts

        Grant Funding

        • 091581 / Wellcome Trust

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