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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / The Equine Faecal Microbiota of Healthy Horses and Ponies in...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(6); 1762; doi: 10.3390/ani11061762

The Equine Faecal Microbiota of Healthy Horses and Ponies in The Netherlands: Impact of Host and Environmental Factors.

Abstract: Several studies have described the faecal microbiota of horses and the factors that influence its composition, but the variation in results is substantial. This study aimed to investigate the microbiota composition in healthy equids in The Netherlands under standard housing and management conditions and to evaluate the effect of age, gender, horse type, diet, pasture access, the season of sampling and location on it. Spontaneously produced faecal samples were collected from the stall floor of 79 healthy horses and ponies at two farms. The validity of this sampling technique was evaluated in a small pilot study including five ponies showing that the microbiota composition of faecal samples collected up to 6 h after spontaneous defaecation was similar to that of the samples collected rectally. After DNA extraction, Illumina Miseq 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to determine microbiota composition. The effect of host and environmental factors on microbiota composition were determined using several techniques (NMDS, PERMANOVA, DESeq2). Bacteroidetes was the largest phylum found in the faecal microbiota (50.1%), followed by Firmicutes (28.4%). Alpha-diversity and richness decreased significantly with increasing age. Location, age, season, horse type and pasture access had a significant effect on beta-diversity. The current study provides important baseline information on variation in faecal microbiota in healthy horses and ponies under standard housing and management conditions. These results indicate that faecal microbiota composition is affected by several horse-related and environment-related factors, and these factors should be considered in future studies of the equine faecal microbiota.
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Publication Date: 2021-06-12 PubMed ID: 34204691PubMed Central: PMC8231505DOI: 10.3390/ani11061762Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research studied the fecal microbiota of healthy horses and ponies in the Netherlands, examining how factors such as age, gender, type, diet, pasture access, season, and location affect it.

Study Purpose and Collection Methods

  • The study explored the composition of the microbiota in healthy horses and ponies in the Netherlands while maintaining standard housing and management conditions.
  • The researchers collected spontaneously produced fecal samples from the stall floors of 79 healthy horses and ponies from two different farms.
  • This research also sought to validate the technique of collecting fecal samples from stall floors compared to the above-mentioned traditional rectal collection method. A pilot study on five ponies supported the validity of this sampling technique.

Data Analysis

  • After extracting DNA from the collected samples, Illumina Miseq 16S rRNA sequencing was applied to determine the microbiota composition.
  • The study employed various methods like NMDS, PERMANOVA, and DESeq2 to understand the impact of various host and environmental factors on the microbiota composition.

Research Findings

  • Bacteroidetes was the largest phylum found in the fecal microbiota, comprising 50.1% of the total, followed by Firmicutes at 28.4%.
  • Alpha-diversity and richness, indicative of microbiota biodiversity, decreased as age increased, suggesting a less diverse microbiota in older horses.
  • Location, age, season, horse type, and pasture access significantly affected beta-diversity, which measures the variation in microbiota composition between samples.
  • The findings offer critical baseline data about variations in fecal microbiota in healthy horses and ponies under standard housing and management conditions.

Implication and Recommendations

  • The research concluded that the composition of fecal microbiota in horses and ponies is influenced by numerous factors related to the horse itself and its environment.
  • Future studies of the equine fecal microbiota should consider these influencing factors to ensure relevant and accurate results.

Cite This Article

APA
Theelen MJP, Luiken REC, Wagenaar JA, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM, Rossen JWA, Zomer AL. (2021). The Equine Faecal Microbiota of Healthy Horses and Ponies in The Netherlands: Impact of Host and Environmental Factors. Animals (Basel), 11(6), 1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061762

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 6
PII: 1762

Researcher Affiliations

Theelen, Mathijs J P
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Luiken, Roosmarijn E C
  • Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Wagenaar, Jaap A
  • Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, Marianne M
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Rossen, John W A
  • Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
  • Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
Zomer, Aldert L
  • Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Conflict of Interest Statement

J.W.A.R. is currently employed by IDbyDNA Inc. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.

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