The exceptionally large genome of Hendra virus: support for creation of a new genus within the family Paramyxoviridae.
Abstract: An outbreak of acute respiratory disease in Hendra, a suburb of Brisbane, Australia, in September 1994 resulted in the deaths of 14 racing horses and a horse trainer. The causative agent was a new member of the family Paramyxoviridae. The virus was originally called Equine morbillivirus but was renamed Hendra virus (HeV) when molecular characterization highlighted differences between it and members of the genus Morbillivirus. Less than 5 years later, the closely related Nipah virus (NiV) emerged in Malaysia, spread rapidly through the pig population, and caused the deaths of over 100 people. We report the characterization of the HeV L gene and protein, the genome termini, and gene boundary sequences, thus completing the HeV genome sequence. In the highly conserved region of the L protein, the HeV sequence GDNE differs from the GDNQ found in almost all other nonsegmented negative-strand (NNS) RNA viruses. HeV has an absolutely conserved intergenic trinucleotide sequence, 3'-GAA-5', and highly conserved transcription initiation and termination sequences similar to those of respiroviruses and morbilliviruses. The large genome size (18,234 nucleotides), the unique complementary genome terminal sequences of HeV, and the limited homology with other members of the Paramyxoviridae suggest that HeV, together with NiV, should be classified in a new genus in this family. The large genome of HeV also fills a gap in the spectrum of genome sizes observed with NNS RNA virus genomes. As such, it provides a further piece in the puzzle of NNS RNA virus evolution.
Publication Date: 2000-10-12 PubMed ID: 11024125PubMed Central: PMC102035DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.21.9972-9979.2000Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
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Summary
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This research focuses on a detailed study of the Hendra virus (HeV), which caused an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in Australia in 1994, killing 14 race horses and a horse trainer. The study contributes to a better understanding of the virus’ genome and provides evidence that could lead to creating a new genus for this virus within the family Paramyxoviridae.
Investigation of the Hendra Virus
- The research begins by providing some background information on the virus, including its discovery and initial classification. The HeV, originally known as Equine morbillivirus, was renamed after molecular characterization showed differences between it and members of the Morbillivirus genus.
- The study touches upon the outbreak of a closely related virus known as the Nipah virus in Malaysia, which resulted in over 100 human deaths after rapidly spreading through the pig population.
Hendra Virus Genome Characteristics
- The researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis of the HeV genome, studying its L gene and protein, genome termini, and gene boundary sequences.
- They discovered a unique sequence, GDNE, in the highly conserved region of the HeV L protein, differing from the GDNQ found in most other nonsegmented negative-strand (NNS) RNA viruses.
- Another key finding was the presence of an absolutely conserved intergenic trinucleotide sequence, 3′-GAA-5′, and highly conserved transcription initiation and termination sequences similar to those of respiroviruses and morbilliviruses.
Proposition for a New Genus
- The research unveiled that the HeV has a large genome size (18,234 nucleotides) and unique complementary genome terminal sequences.
- Due to the large size of its genome and limited homology with other members of the Paramyxoviridae, the study proposes that HeV, along with the Nipah virus, should be categorized under a new genus within this family.
- It was further emphasized that the large genome of the HeV helps fill a gap in the range of genome sizes observed in NNS RNA viruses, and thus contributes another piece to the larger puzzle of NNS RNA virus evolution.
Cite This Article
APA
Wang LF, Yu M, Hansson E, Pritchard LI, Shiell B, Michalski WP, Eaton BT.
(2000).
The exceptionally large genome of Hendra virus: support for creation of a new genus within the family Paramyxoviridae.
J Virol, 74(21), 9972-9979.
https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.21.9972-9979.2000 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia. linfa.wang@li.csiro.au
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / chemistry
- DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / genetics
- Genome, Viral
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Paramyxoviridae / chemistry
- Paramyxoviridae / classification
- Paramyxoviridae / genetics
- Paramyxovirinae / chemistry
- Paramyxovirinae / classification
- Paramyxovirinae / genetics
- Peptide Mapping
- Rabbits
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Transcription, Genetic
- Viral Proteins / chemistry
- Viral Proteins / genetics
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