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Home / Equine Research Bank / Int J Mol Sci / The G-Protein-Coupled Membrane Estrogen Receptor Is Present ...
International journal of molecular sciences2021; 22(13); doi: 10.3390/ijms22137131

The G-Protein-Coupled Membrane Estrogen Receptor Is Present in Horse Cryptorchid Testes and Mediates Downstream Pathways.

Abstract: Cryptorchidism in horses is a commonly occurring malformation. The molecular basis of this pathology is not fully known. In addition, the origins of high intratesticular estrogen levels in horses remain obscure. In order to investigate the role of the G-protein-coupled membrane estrogen receptor (GPER) and establish histological and biochemical cryptorchid testis status, healthy and cryptorchid horse testes were subjected to scanning electron microscopy analysis, histochemical staining for total protein (with naphthol blue black; NBB), acid content (with toluidine blue O; TBO), and polysaccharide content (with periodic acid-Schiff; PAS). The expression of GPER was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. GPER-mediated intracellular cAMP and calcium (Ca2+) signaling were measured immunoenzymatically or colorimetrically. Our data revealed changes in the distribution of polysaccharide content but not the protein and acid content in the cryptorchid testis. Polysaccharides seemed to be partially translocated from the interstitial compartment to the seminiferous tubule compartment. Moreover, the markedly decreased expression of GPER and GPER downstream molecules, cAMP and Ca2+, suggests their potential role in testis pathology. Increased estrogen levels in cryptorchid conditions may be linked to disturbed GPER signaling. We postulate that GPER is a prominent key player in testis development and function and may be used as a new biomarker of horse testis in health and disease.
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Publication Date: 2021-07-01 PubMed ID: 34281183PubMed Central: PMC8269005DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137131Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the role of the G-protein-coupled membrane estrogen receptor (GPER) in horse cryptorchid testes and how it mediates downstream pathways. It proposes that changes in GPER signalling might contribute to high intratesticular estrogen levels in cryptorchid conditions.

Understanding Cryptorchidism and GPER

  • Cryptorchidism is a defect in horses where one or both of the testes do not descend; understanding the molecular basis of this condition could facilitate better intervention strategies or treatments.
  • G-Protein-Coupled Membrane Estrogen Receptor (GPER) is the focus of this research because it was hypothesised that this might be connected to observed high estrogen levels within cryptorchid testes. The study aimed to shed more light on how modifications in its signalling would affect estrogen levels.

Methodology of the Research

  • The researchers investigated the role of GPER in both healthy and cryptorchid horse testes using a combination of scanning electron microscopy, histochemical staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis.
  • Total protein, acid content, and polysaccharide content were analysed in the testes. GPER expression was studied using immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques.
  • The effects of GPER-mediated intracellular cAMP and calcium (Ca2+) signalling were also measured.

Results and Conclusion

  • The researchers discovered changes in the distribution of polysaccharides in cryptorchid testes, indicating a translocation from the interstitial compartment to the seminiferous tubule compartment. There were no significant changes in protein and acid content.
  • Expression of GPER and downstream molecules, cAMP and Ca2+, was noticeably decreased in cryptorchid testes, suggesting a critical role in the pathology of the testes.
  • An increase in estrogen levels in cryptorchid conditions seemed to be connected to irregular GPER signalling. Consequently, the researchers suggested that GPER could be used as a biomarker for health and disease conditions in horse testes.

Cite This Article

APA
Witkowski M, Pardyak L, Pawlicki P, Galuszka A, Profaska-Szymik M, Plachno BJ, Kantor S, Duliban M, Kotula-Balak M. (2021). The G-Protein-Coupled Membrane Estrogen Receptor Is Present in Horse Cryptorchid Testes and Mediates Downstream Pathways. Int J Mol Sci, 22(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137131

Publication

International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
NlmUniqueID: 101092791
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 22
Issue: 13

Researcher Affiliations

Witkowski, Maciej
  • University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
  • Equine Hospital on the Racing Truck, Sluzewiec, Pulawska 266, 02-684 Warszawa, Poland.
Pardyak, Laura
  • Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248 Krakow, Poland.
Pawlicki, Piotr
  • Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248 Krakow, Poland.
Galuszka, Anna
  • University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
Profaska-Szymik, Magdalena
  • University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
Plachno, Bartosz J
  • Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
Kantor, Samuel
  • University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
Duliban, Michal
  • Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
Kotula-Balak, Malgorzata
  • University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Blotting, Western / methods
  • Cryptorchidism / metabolism
  • Cryptorchidism / veterinary
  • Estrogens / metabolism
  • GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Horse Diseases / metabolism
  • Horses
  • Immunohistochemistry / methods
  • Male
  • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / methods
  • Receptors, Estrogen / metabolism
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction
  • Testis / metabolism

Grant Funding

  • SUB/2020-080100-D016 / Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Hassanin HM, Kamal AA, Ismail OI. Resveratrol ameliorates atrazine-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis and fibrosis in the testis of adult albino rats. Sci Rep 2024 Jul 31;14(1):17743.
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  2. Liguori G, Tafuri S, Pelagalli A, Ali' S, Russo M, Mirabella N, Squillacioti C. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) and ERs Are Modulated in the Testis-Epididymal Complex in the Normal and Cryptorchid Dog. Vet Sci 2024 Jan 5;11(1).
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  3. Walczak-Jędrzejowska R, Forma E, Oszukowska E, Bryś M, Marchlewska K, Kula K, Słowikowska-Hilczer J. Expression of G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) in Whole Testicular Tissue and Laser-Capture Microdissected Testicular Compartments of Men with Normal and Aberrant Spermatogenesis. Biology (Basel) 2022 Feb 26;11(3).
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