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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Microbiol / The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Her...
Frontiers in microbiology2021; 12; 662686; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662686

The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1.

Abstract: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is an alphaherpesvirus related to pseudorabies virus (PRV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This virus is one of the major pathogens affecting horses worldwide. EHV-1 is responsible for respiratory disorders, abortion, neonatal foal death and equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Over the last decade, EHV-1 has received growing attention due to the frequent outbreaks of abortions and/or EHM causing serious economical losses to the horse industry worldwide. To date, there are no effective antiviral drugs and current vaccines do not provide full protection against EHV-1-associated diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of EHV-1 in order to develop effective therapies. The main objective of this review is to provide state-of-the-art information on the pathogenesis of EHV-1. We also highlight recent findings on EHV-1 immune evasive strategies at the level of the upper respiratory tract, blood circulation and endothelium of target organs allowing the virus to disseminate undetected in the host. Finally, we discuss novel approaches for drug development based on our current knowledge of the pathogenesis of EHV-1.
Copyright © 2021 Laval, Poelaert, Van Cleemput, Zhao, Vandekerckhove, Gryspeerdt, Garré, van der Meulen, Baghi, Dubale, Zarak, Van Crombrugge and Nauwynck.
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Publication Date: 2021-03-04 PubMed ID: 33746936PubMed Central: PMC7970122DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662686Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article is a review on Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), detailing the disease’s pathogenesis, immune evasive strategies and potential approaches in antiviral drug development.

Introduction

  • The paper discusses Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), an alphaherpesvirus that is related to pseudorabies virus (PRV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is a major pathogen affecting the horse population globally.
  • EHV-1 is identified as the cause of various health conditions in horses including respiratory disorders, abortion, neonatal foal death, and equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Recent years have seen an increase in attention towards EHV-1 due to several outbreaks of abortions and EHM, leading to significant financial losses in the horse industry.

Existing Treatments and the Need for Further Research

  • Despite its impact on the horse population, there are currently no effective antiviral drugs to treat EHV-1, and existing vaccines do not provide comprehensive protection against diseases associated with the virus.
  • This state of affairs underlines the urgent need for more understanding of EHV-1’s pathogenesis to develop effective therapeutic measures.

Objective of the Review

  • The chief aim of this review is to gather and present the latest information on the pathogenesis of EHV-1.

Immune Evasive Strategies of EHV-1

  • Alongside discussing the pathogenesis, the paper emphasizes recent discoveries on the immune evasion tactics of EHV-1, particularly how it operates unsuspected in the upper respiratory tract, blood circulation and endothelium of target organs.

Proposed Approaches for Drug Development

  • The final discussion of the research article revolves around possible approaches for antiviral drug development, based on the currently known pathogenesis of EHV-1. This would help in creating an effective strategy for controlling and preventing the disease.

Cite This Article

APA
Laval K, Poelaert KCK, Van Cleemput J, Zhao J, Vandekerckhove AP, Gryspeerdt AC, Garré B, van der Meulen K, Baghi HB, Dubale HN, Zarak I, Van Crombrugge E, Nauwynck HJ. (2021). The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1. Front Microbiol, 12, 662686. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.662686

Publication

Frontiers in microbiology
ISSN: 1664-302X
NlmUniqueID: 101548977
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Pages: 662686
PII: 662686

Researcher Affiliations

Laval, Kathlyn
  • Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Poelaert, Katrien C K
  • Division of Virology, Department Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Van Cleemput, Jolien
  • HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Zhao, Jing
  • Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, Shenzhen, China.
Vandekerckhove, Annelies P
  • DGZ Vlaanderen vzw, Torhout, Belgium.
Gryspeerdt, Annick C
  • Equipe Veterinary Practice, Equi Focus Point Belgium, Vlamertinge, Belgium.
Garré, Barbara
  • Haras de la vie, Koewacht, Belgium.
van der Meulen, Karen
  • PERSEUS bvba, Sint Martens Latem, Belgium.
Baghi, Hossein B
  • Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Dubale, Haileleul N
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
Zarak, Ines
  • Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Van Crombrugge, Eline
  • Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Nauwynck, Hans J
  • Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.

Conflict of Interest Statement

KM was employed by company PERSEUS bvba. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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