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Equine veterinary journal1991; 23(6); 405-409; doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03751.x

The prevalence of enteric pathogens in diarrhoeic thoroughbred foals in Britain and Ireland.

Abstract: A survey of 77 normal and 326 diarrhoeic foals in Britain and Ireland from 1987 to 1989 revealed a significantly higher prevalence of Group A rotaviruses and Aeromonas hydrophila in diarrhoeic foals. The prevalence of cryptosporidia, potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica and Clostridium perfringens was similar in normal or diarrhoeic foals. Rotaviruses had a similar prevalence in all age groups of scouring foals up to three months of age, with an overall prevalence of 37 per cent among diarrhoeic foals. The number of cases of diarrhoea varied considerably from year to year, but in all three years of the survey rotavirus was a significant pathogen. A comparison of diagnostic tests for rotavirus in the faeces showed electron microscopy (EM) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to have similar sensitivity. The Rotazyme ELISA test kit was found to have the same sensitivity as a combination of EM and PAGE. A. hydrophila had an overall prevalence of 9 per cent among diarrhoeic foals, although its prevalence was higher in some age groups. A. hydrophila has not been established previously as a significant enteric pathogen in foals. Other putative pathogens found at very low prevalence were coronavirus, the putative picobirnavirus, Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. No evidence was found of synergistic effects between rotavirus, cryptosporidia and potentially pathogenic E. coli. Neither coccidia nor non-Group A rotaviruses were found in any of the samples examined.
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Publication Date: 1991-11-01 PubMed ID: 1663866PubMed Central: PMC7185455DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03751.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research conducted from 1987 to 1989 in Britain and Ireland investigated the common cause of diarrhea in foals, tracing it primarily to Group A rotaviruses and Aeromonas hydrophila. These were significantly more prevalent in foals with diarrhea compared to healthy animals, with other potential pathogens showing low prevalence.

About the Study

The researchers undertook a comprehensive survey of equine pathogens. They used samples collected from 77 healthy and 326 diarrheic foals in Britain and Ireland over three years (1987-89). The primary focus was to identify the cause of diarrhea in foals, a common health issue. The analysis included testing for Group A rotaviruses, Aeromonas hydrophila, cryptosporidia, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Clostridium perfringens.

Key Findings

  • An increase in Group A rotaviruses and Aeromonas hydrophila was observed in samples from diarrheic foals compared to healthy horses, suggesting these pathogens as likely agents of this condition.
  • The prevalence of cryptosporidia, potentially dangerous variants of Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Clostridium perfringens remained similar in both healthy and afflicted foals, indicating these pathogens may not be the primary cause of diarrhea in these animals.
  • The prevalence of rotaviruses remained constant across all age groups in foals suffering from diarrhea up to three months of age. The overall rate of prevalence among diarrheic foals was 37 per cent.
  • Yearly variants were observed in the number of diarrhea cases, but the rotavirus remained a significant pathogen throughout the duration of the survey.

Diagnostic Tests

  • The study compared electron microscopy (EM) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) as diagnostic tools for identifying rotavirus in feces, concluding both methods had comparable sensitivity while testing.
  • Rotazyme ELISA test kit showed sensitivity equivalent to the combined application of EM and PAGE.

Aeromonas Hydrophila

  • The research uncovered a 9 per cent prevalence of Aeromonas hydrophila among diarrheic foals. In certain age groups, its prevalence was even higher. The study suggests this could make Aeromonas hydrophila a potentially significant pathogen for foals, a fact not previously recognized.

Other Pathogens

  • Pathogens like the coronavirus, Campylobacter spp., picobirnavirus, and the Salmonella spp. were found but at very low prevalence, suggesting a limited role in conditions leading to diarrhea.
  • The study found no supporting evidence for synergistic effects between rotavirus, cryptosporidia and pathogenic variants of E. coli.

Cite This Article

APA
Browning GF, Chalmers RM, Snodgrass DR, Batt RM, Hart CA, Ormarod SE, Leadon D, Stoneham SJ, Rossdale PD. (1991). The prevalence of enteric pathogens in diarrhoeic thoroughbred foals in Britain and Ireland. Equine Vet J, 23(6), 405-409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03751.x

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 0425-1644
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 23
Issue: 6
Pages: 405-409

Researcher Affiliations

Browning, G F
  • Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh.
Chalmers, R M
    Snodgrass, D R
      Batt, R M
        Hart, C A
          Ormarod, S E
            Leadon, D
              Stoneham, S J
                Rossdale, P D

                  MeSH Terms

                  • Aeromonas / isolation & purification
                  • Animals
                  • Breeding
                  • Clostridium Infections / epidemiology
                  • Clostridium Infections / microbiology
                  • Clostridium Infections / veterinary
                  • Clostridium perfringens / isolation & purification
                  • Cryptosporidiosis / epidemiology
                  • Cryptosporidiosis / parasitology
                  • Diarrhea / epidemiology
                  • Diarrhea / microbiology
                  • Diarrhea / veterinary
                  • Escherichia coli Infections / epidemiology
                  • Escherichia coli Infections / microbiology
                  • Escherichia coli Infections / veterinary
                  • Feces / microbiology
                  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / epidemiology
                  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / microbiology
                  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / veterinary
                  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
                  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
                  • Horses
                  • Ireland / epidemiology
                  • Prevalence
                  • Rotavirus / isolation & purification
                  • Rotavirus / ultrastructure
                  • Rotavirus Infections / epidemiology
                  • Rotavirus Infections / microbiology
                  • Rotavirus Infections / veterinary
                  • Seasons
                  • United Kingdom / epidemiology
                  • Yersinia Infections / epidemiology
                  • Yersinia Infections / microbiology
                  • Yersinia Infections / veterinary
                  • Yersinia enterocolitica / isolation & purification

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