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International journal for parasitology2018; 48(6); 403-412; doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.11.003

The relationships between faecal egg counts and gut microbial composition in UK Thoroughbreds infected by cyathostomins.

Abstract: A growing body of evidence, particularly in humans and rodents, supports the existence of a complex network of interactions occurring between gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites and the gut commensal bacteria, with substantial effects on both host immunity and metabolic potential. However, little is known of the fundamental biology of such interactions in other animal species; nonetheless, given the considerable economic losses associated with GI parasites, particularly in livestock and equines, as well as the global threat of emerging anthelmintic resistance, further explorations of the complexities of host-helminth-microbiota interactions in these species are needed. This study characterises the composition of the equine gut commensal flora associated with the presence, in faecal samples, of low (Clow) and high (Chigh) numbers of eggs of an important group of GI parasites (i.e. the cyathostomins), prior to and following anthelmintic treatment. High-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA amplicons and associated bioinformatics and statistical analyses of sequence data revealed strong clustering according to faecal egg counts (P = 0.003). A trend towards increased populations of Methanomicrobia (class) and Dehalobacterium (genus) was observed in Clow in comparison with Chigh. Anthelmintic treatment in Chigh was associated with a significant reduction of the bacterial Phylum TM7 14 days post-ivermectin administration, as well as a transient expansion of Adlercreutzia spp. at 2 days post-treatment. This study provides a first known insight into the discovery of the intimate mechanisms governing host-parasite-microbiota interactions in equines, and sets a basis for the development of novel, biology-based intervention strategies against equine GI helminths based on the manipulation of the commensal gut flora.
Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2018-02-09 PubMed ID: 29432771PubMed Central: PMC5946844DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.11.003Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study explores the relationship between the number of intestinal parasite eggs and the composition of gut bacteria in UK Thoroughbred horses. The research specifically focuses on how these factors change before and after treatment for gastrointestinal parasites.

Background and Need for Study

  • The research begins by identifying that although there is an established understanding of the interactions between gut parasites and gut bacteria in humans and rodents, there is less known about this relationship in other species.
  • This lack of knowledge is significant given the economic damage caused by gastrointestinal parasites in livestock and horses, and the growing issue of resistance to common treatments.
  • Therefore, there is a strong case to be made for further examination of the host-parasite-bacteria dynamic in these species.

Research Methods

  • The researchers used high-throughput sequencing of bacterial ribosomal RNA, bioinformatics and statistical analysis to characterize the composition of gut bacteria in horses with low and high counts of parasite eggs in their feces.
  • The parasite in question was the gastrointestinal parasite cyathostomins.
  • The investigation spanned both before and after treatment for the parasites.

Key Findings

  • The researchers found that the type and quantity of bacteria present were strongly related to the number of parasite eggs present in the feces.
  • In horses with a low count of parasite eggs, there was a higher population of Methanomicrobia and Dehalobacterium bacteria observed.
  • Interestingly, treatment in horses with a high egg count was linked to a significant decrease in the TM7 bacterial phylum 14 days after treatment. This was accompanied by a short-lived increase in Adlercreutzia species 2 days after treatment.

Conclusion and Implications

  • This research offers a valuable first step in understanding the influences between parasites, intestinal microorganisms, and their equine hosts.
  • These findings could have practical applications, providing a foundation for the development of new strategies to treat gastrointestinal parasites that are based on manipulating gut bacteria.

Cite This Article

APA
Peachey LE, Molena RA, Jenkins TP, Di Cesare A, Traversa D, Hodgkinson JE, Cantacessi C. (2018). The relationships between faecal egg counts and gut microbial composition in UK Thoroughbreds infected by cyathostomins. Int J Parasitol, 48(6), 403-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.11.003

Publication

International journal for parasitology
ISSN: 1879-0135
NlmUniqueID: 0314024
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 48
Issue: 6
Pages: 403-412

Researcher Affiliations

Peachey, L E
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom. Electronic address: lep41@cam.ac.uk.
Molena, R A
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom.
Jenkins, T P
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom.
Di Cesare, A
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, 64100, Italy.
Traversa, D
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, 64100, Italy.
Hodgkinson, J E
  • Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom.
Cantacessi, C
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom. Electronic address: cc779@cam.ac.uk.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anthelmintics / therapeutic use
  • Feces / parasitology
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome / physiology
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horses
  • Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / drug therapy
  • Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / veterinary
  • Ivermectin / therapeutic use
  • Macrolides / therapeutic use
  • Parasite Egg Count / veterinary
  • Strongylida Infections / drug therapy
  • Strongylida Infections / veterinary
  • Strongyloidea
  • United Kingdom / epidemiology

Grant Funding

  • Wellcome Trust
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

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