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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(5); 1345; doi: 10.3390/ani11051345

The Use of Molecular Profiling to Track Equine Reinfection Rates of Cyathostomin Species Following Anthelmintic Administration.

Abstract: Cyathostomins are a multispecies parasite ubiquitous in Equids. Cyathostomins have developed resistance to all but one class of anthelmintics, but species-level sensitivity to anthelmintics has not been shown. This study measured reinfection rates of cyathostomin species following the administration of three commercial dewormers. Nine treated horses were compared with 90 untreated controls during June-September 2017-2019. Ivermectin (IVM) (n = 6), Moxidectin (MOX) (n = 8) or Pyrantel (PYR) (n = 8) were orally administered. Fecal samples were collected every 14 d for 98 d. Fecal egg count reductions (FECR) were calculated using a modified McMaster technique. Nineteen cyathostomin species were identified by 5.8S-ITS-2 profiling using amplicon sequencing. Data were analyzed in QIIME1 and R statistical software using presence/absence methods. MOX had the lowest numbers of species present over the time course, followed by PYR then IVM (7.14, 10.17, 11.09, respectively); however, FECR was fastest for PYR. The presence of seven species: and were unaffected by treatment ( > 0.05) points to species-specific differences in dewormer sensitivity and environmental persistence. Identifying resistance patterns at the species level will enable mechanistic understandings of cyathostomin anthelmintic resistance and targeted approaches to control them.
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Publication Date: 2021-05-09 PubMed ID: 34065099PubMed Central: PMC8150961DOI: 10.3390/ani11051345Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The paper presents a study that investigated reinfection rates of various species of a parasite, cyathostomin, in horses post anthelmintic treatment. Three types of commercial dewormers were administered and the number and types of cyathostomin species present were monitored over time. The study also noted species-specific differences in sensitivity and resistance to treatment.

Research Methodology

  • The study involved nine horses that were treated with one of the three commercial dewormers namely Ivermectin (IVM) (n = 6), Moxidectin (MOX) (n = 8), or Pyrantel (PYR) (n = 8). The efficacy and effect of these treatments were compared with 90 untreated controls.
  • The experiment was conducted during the months of June-September in the years 2017-2019.
  • Fecal samples from the horses were collected every 14 days for a Study period of 98 days. These samples were examined to identify the species of cyathostomins present and observe the changes in their numbers over the course of the experiment.
  • Fecal egg count reductions (FECR) were calculated to measure the effectiveness of the dewormers. A modified McMaster technique was used for this purpose.
  • A total of nineteen cyathostomin species were identified by using 5.8S-ITS-2 profiling with amplicon sequencing, a molecular technique that allows precise and accurate identification of parasite species.

Results and Data Analysis

  • The presence/absence of cyathostomin species were analyzed using the QIIME1 and R statistical software. This helped to document the change in the numbers of parasite species over time and the effectiveness of each type of dewormer.
  • The results showed that Moxidectin (MOX) was associated with the lowest numbers of parasite species present over the study period, followed by Pyrantel (PYR) and then Ivermectin (IVM). However, fastest reduction in fecal egg counts (FECR) was noted for Pyrantel (PYR).
  • Interestingly, it was found that the presence of seven cyathostomin species were not significantly affected by the treatment, indicating a certain degree of resistance in these specific species.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The results of the study suggest species-specific differences in dewormer sensitivity, that is, different species of cyathostomins respond differently to each dewormer.
  • The research also identified the species that were unaffected by the treatment, which should trigger further research to investigate the reasons for this resistance.
  • Understanding resistance patterns at the species level can provide valuable insights for developing more effective anthelmintic treatments and adopting targeted approaches to control these parasitic infections in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Johnson ACB, Biddle AS. (2021). The Use of Molecular Profiling to Track Equine Reinfection Rates of Cyathostomin Species Following Anthelmintic Administration. Animals (Basel), 11(5), 1345. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051345

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
PII: 1345

Researcher Affiliations

Johnson, Alexa C B
  • Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
Biddle, Amy S
  • Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.

Grant Funding

  • D18EQ-802 / Morris Animal Foundation

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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