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Home / Equine Research Bank / Appl Environ Microbiol / Therapeutic Efficacy of Phage PIZ SAE-01E2 against Abortion ...
Applied and environmental microbiology2020; 86(22); e01366-20; doi: 10.1128/AEM.01366-20

Therapeutic Efficacy of Phage PIZ SAE-01E2 against Abortion Caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Abortusequi in Mice.

Abstract: subsp. serovar Abortusequi is a frequently reported pathogen causing abortion in mares. In this study, the preventive and therapeutic effects of phage P SAE-01E2 against Abortusequi in a mouse model of abortion were investigated. Phage P SAE-01E2 was stable at different temperatures (4 to 70°C) and pH values (pH 4 to 10) and could lyse the majority of the serogroup O:4 and O:9 strains tested (25/28). There was no lysogeny-related, toxin, or antibiotic resistance-related gene in the genome of P SAE-01E2. All of these characteristics indicate that P SAE-01E2 has the potential for use in phage therapy. In experiments, 2 × 10 CFU/mouse of Abortusequi ATCC 9842 was sufficient to lead to murine abortion (gestational day 14.5) within 48 h. A single intraperitoneal inoculation of P SAE-01E2 (10 PFU/mouse, multiplicity of infection = 10) 1 h before or after Abortusequi challenge provided effective protection to all pregnant mice (10/10). After 24 h of treatment with phage P SAE-01E2, the bacterial loads in both the placenta and the uterus of the infected mice were significantly decreased (10 CFU/g). In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the placenta and blood of the mice in the phage administration groups were significantly reduced (0.05) compared to those in the placenta and blood of the mice in the control group. Altogether, these findings indicate that P SAE-01E2 shows the potential to block abortions induced by Abortusequi Abortusequi is an important pathogen that can induce abortions in mares. Although Abortusequi has been well controlled in Europe and the United States due to strict breeding and health policies, it is still widespread in African and Asian countries and has proven difficult to control. In China, abortions caused by Abortusequi have also been reported in donkeys. So far, there is no commercial vaccine. Thus, exploiting alternative efficient and safe strategies to control Abortusequi infection is essential. In this study, a new lytic phage, P SAE-01E2, infecting Abortusequi was isolated, and the characteristics of P SAE-01E2 indicated that it has the potential for use in phage therapy. A single intraperitoneal inoculation of P SAE-01E2 before or after Abortusequi challenge provided effective protection to all pregnant mice. Thus, P SAE-01E2 showed the potential to block abortions induced by Abortusequi .
Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.
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Publication Date: 2020-10-28 PubMed ID: 32887718PubMed Central: PMC7642090DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01366-20Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the effects of phage P SAE-01E2 against Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusequi, a pathogen known to cause abortion in mares, using a mouse model. The experiment concluded that this phage can potentially block these abortions.

Overview of Research Methods and Findings

  • The bacteriophage (or phage) P SAE-01E2 was tested against Salmonella enterica subspecies serovar Abortusequi. The phage showed stability at a wide range of temperatures (4 to 70 degrees Celsius) and pH levels (4 to 10), which are essential characteristics for therapeutic effectiveness.
  • The researchers reported that this specific phage could lyse (break down) most of the tested Salmonella enterica serogroup strains (25 out of 28), further proving its potential effectiveness.
  • The study revealed that the phage P SAE-01E2’s genome has no lysogeny-related, toxin, or antibiotic resistance-related genes. This absence is important as these genes could potentially lead to harmful side effects in a therapeutic context.
  • In an applied setting, the bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusequi were found to cause abortion in pregnant mice within 48 hours when given at particular concentrations. However, when the mice were treated with the phage P SAE-01E2 one hour before or after the bacterial challenge, all mice were effectively protected from abortion.
  • Post-treatment analysis showed significant decreases in bacterial loads in both the placenta and uterus of the infected mice, indicating that the phage was effectively targeting the bacteria.
  • Furthermore, researchers noticed significantly reduced levels of inflammatory markers (cytokines) in both the placenta and blood of the mice treated with the phage, pointing towards an overall reduction in the infection-induced inflammation.

Significance and Implications of the Research

  • Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusequi is a significant pathogen primarily in African and Asian countries, causing considerable difficulty in equine breeding due to induced abortions. With no commercial vaccines currently available, the implementation of effective control strategies is of utmost importance.
  • This study identified a new lytic phage, P SAE-01E2, and provided evidence that supports its potential for use in phage therapy, specifically in treating infections caused by this specific Salmonella enterica subspecies.
  • A single intraperitoneal injection of the phage before or after the bacterial challenge was found to provide effective protection against abortion in all tested mice, highlighting the potential of phage therapy in preventing pathogen-induced abortions in horses and possibly other animals as well.

Cite This Article

APA
Wang X, Ji Y, Su J, Xue Y, Xi H, Wang Z, Bi L, Zhao R, Zhang H, Yang L, Guo Z, Guan Y, Feng X, Sun C, Lei L, Ur Rahman S, Dong J, Han W, Gu J. (2020). Therapeutic Efficacy of Phage PIZ SAE-01E2 against Abortion Caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Abortusequi in Mice. Appl Environ Microbiol, 86(22), e01366-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01366-20

Publication

Applied and environmental microbiology
ISSN: 1098-5336
NlmUniqueID: 7605801
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 86
Issue: 22
PII: e01366-20

Researcher Affiliations

Wang, Xinwu
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Ji, Yalu
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Su, Jizuo
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Xue, Yibing
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Xi, Hengyu
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Wang, Zijing
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Bi, Lanting
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Zhao, Rihong
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Zhang, Hao
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Yang, Li
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Guo, Zhimin
  • Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Guan, Yuan
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Feng, Xin
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Sun, Changjiang
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Lei, Liancheng
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Ur Rahman, Sadeeq
  • College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
Dong, Jianbao
  • Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, People's Republic of China.
Han, Wenyu
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
  • Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Gu, Jingmin
  • Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China jingmin0629@163.com.
  • Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.

MeSH Terms

  • Abortion, Veterinary / microbiology
  • Abortion, Veterinary / prevention & control
  • Abortion, Veterinary / virology
  • Animals
  • Bacteriophages / physiology
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred ICR
  • Pregnancy
  • Salmonella / physiology
  • Salmonella Infections, Animal / microbiology
  • Salmonella Infections, Animal / prevention & control
  • Salmonella Infections, Animal / virology

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