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Home / Equine Research Bank / Biomaterials / Tough magnesium phosphate-based 3D-printed implants induce b...
Biomaterials2020; 261; 120302; doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120302

Tough magnesium phosphate-based 3D-printed implants induce bone regeneration in an equine defect model.

Abstract: One of the important challenges in bone tissue engineering is the development of biodegradable bone substitutes with appropriate mechanical and biological properties for the treatment of larger defects and those with complex shapes. Recently, magnesium phosphate (MgP) doped with biologically active ions like strontium (Sr) have shown to significantly enhance bone formation when compared with the standard calcium phosphate-based ceramics. However, such materials can hardly be shaped into large and complex geometries and more importantly lack the adequate mechanical properties for the treatment of load-bearing bone defects. In this study, we have fabricated bone implants through extrusion assisted three-dimensional (3D) printing of MgP ceramics modified with Sr ions (MgPSr) and a medical-grade polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer phase. MgPSr with 30 wt% PCL (MgPSr-PCL30) allowed the printability of relevant size structures (>780 mm) at room temperature with an interconnected macroporosity of approximately 40%. The printing resulted in implants with a compressive strength of 4.3 MPa, which were able to support up to 50 cycles of loading without plastic deformation. Notably, MgPSr-PCL30 scaffolds were able to promote in vitro bone formation in medium without the supplementation with osteo-inducing components. In addition, long-term in vivo performance of the 3D printed scaffolds was investigated in an equine tuber coxae model over 6 months. The micro-CT and histological analysis showed that implantation of MgPSr-PCL30 induced bone regeneration, while no bone formation was observed in the empty defects. Overall, the novel polymer-modified MgP ceramic material and extrusion-based 3D printing process presented here greatly improved the shape ability and load-bearing properties of MgP-based ceramics with simultaneous induction of new bone formation.
Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2020-08-23 PubMed ID: 32932172PubMed Central: PMC7116184DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120302Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article presents a study on magnesium phosphate-based 3D-printed implants, which have been modified with strontium and polycaprolactone, and their capacity to induce bone regeneration, thus showing promise for usage in the treatment of complex and large bone defects.

Research Details and Methodology

In their experiment, the researchers addressed a significant challenge in bone tissue engineering: the necessity for bone substitutes that degrade over time while retaining biological and mechanical functionality, especially in larger, load-bearing bone defects. To achieve this, a novel material was developed:

  • Magnesium phosphate (MgP) ceramics were modified with strontium (Sr) ions, which have been previously noted for their ability to promote bone growth. A biodegradable polymer called polycaprolactone (PCL) was also added to the mixture. The combination material with 30% PCL (referred to as MgPSr-PCL30) was then 3D printed into implant structures.

Results of the 3D Printing Process

The MgPSr-PCL30 material turned out promising due to several factors:

  • The material allowed for the production of large implant structures at room temperature, while maintaining internal macroporosity of about 40%.
  • The resulting implants showed impressive mechanical strength, enduring extensive loading without deformation.
  • This 3D printed scaffolds could promote bone formation in vitro, even without the input of osteo-inducing components typically required for bone growth.

In Vivo Performance

To assess the viability of these new implants, they were tested in a long-term in vivo model:

  • A 6-month study was performed in an equine model, specifically an equine tuber coxae, that is a part of a horse’s hip bone.
  • Micro-CT and histological analyses were utilized to monitor bone growth and reaction to the implant over time.
  • Results showed that these implants were not only compatible with the biological environment, but also successfully induced bone regeneration, unlike empty defects which didn’t cause any bone formation.

Overall Implications

The study has significant implications for bone tissue engineering:

  • The research presents a promising new direction for the production of bone substitutes, particularly those for larger, complex, and load-bearing bone defects, as the MgP-based ceramics significantly improved load-bearing and shaping properties.
  • This 3D printing process also represents a possible means of simplifying the production process for bone implants.
  • The successful in vivo study implies that strontium-modified, MgP-based implants may be viable for further investigation and potential human application in the future.

Cite This Article

APA
Golafshan N, Vorndran E, Zaharievski S, Brommer H, Kadumudi FB, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Gbureck U, van Weeren R, Castilho M, Malda J. (2020). Tough magnesium phosphate-based 3D-printed implants induce bone regeneration in an equine defect model. Biomaterials, 261, 120302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120302

Publication

Biomaterials
ISSN: 1878-5905
NlmUniqueID: 8100316
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 261
Pages: 120302
PII: S0142-9612(20)30548-2

Researcher Affiliations

Golafshan, Nasim
  • Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Vorndran, Elke
  • Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wurzburg, Germany.
Zaharievski, Stefan
  • Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Brommer, Harold
  • Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
Kadumudi, Firoz Babu
  • Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
Dolatshahi-Pirouz, Alireza
  • Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands.
Gbureck, Uwe
  • Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wurzburg, Germany.
van Weeren, René
  • Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
Castilho, Miguel
  • Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Orthopedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands. Electronic address: M.DiasCastilho@umcutrecht.nl.
Malda, Jos
  • Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Bone Regeneration
  • Horses
  • Magnesium Compounds
  • Phosphates
  • Porosity
  • Printing, Three-Dimensional
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Tissue Scaffolds

Grant Funding

  • 647426 / European Research Council

Conflict of Interest Statement

. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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