Trans-arterial coil embolization of the internal carotid artery in standing horses.
Abstract: To develop transarterial coil embolization (TACE) for occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA), in normal standing horses, and to evaluate it use for prevention of hemorrhage in horses with guttural pouch mycosis (GPM). Methods: Prospective study. Methods: Normal horses (n = 8) and 5 with GPM. Methods: Horses had TACE of the ICA in standing position under fluoroscopic guidance. Four normal horses were euthanatized 2 weeks after TACE for morphologic assessment and 4 were followed for 6 months. The 5 clinically affected horses were evaluated for long-term (10-12 months) success rate and complications. Results: No complications related to the TACE were noted. Up to 30 mL warmed meglumine ioxithalamate was injected and well tolerated. Standing angiography confirmed complete occlusion of all vessels, and coils were positioned as intended; the procedure did not alter local hemodynamics. At 2 weeks, maturing to mature continuous thrombi was seen at the site of the coils. Two clinically affected horses died at day 3 and 12 after surgery from other problems. In the 3 surviving horses, mycotic lesions completely resolved without additional treatment. Conclusions: TACE under fluoroscopic guidance in standing horses provided a safe, minimally invasive, and effective method for ICA occlusion and should be recommended for individuals at risk of general anesthesia. Residual neurologic deficits are a common sequela, but they do not reflect a treatment failure.
© Copyright 2011 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
Publication Date: 2012-01-06 PubMed ID: 22224979DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2011.00918.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This study explores a method known as transarterial coil embolization (TACE) to block the internal carotid artery in horses, while they remain standing, as a means to prevent hemorrhage in those with guttural pouch mycosis (GPM). The study affirms the procedure to be safe, minimally invasive, and effective, with no complications related to the procedure observed during the study.
Methodology
- The researchers conducted a prospective study involving eight normal horses, and five horses with GPM.
- The TACE procedure was performed on the internal carotid artery of the horses in a standing position, under fluoroscopic guidance.
- Four of the normal horses were euthanized two weeks post TACE procedure for assessment of the morphological changes, and the rest were monitored for six months.
- The five clinically affected horses were evaluated for the success rate and any complications that may have arisen for a long-term period (10-12 months).
Results
- The protocol with TACE showed no complications, indicating that the procedure is safe.
- The injection of up to 30 milliliters of warmed meglumine ioxithalamate was well received by the horses.
- The procedure proved to be successful and effective, as confirmed by standing angiography, which showed complete occlusion of all vessels, and coils were positioned as intended.
- The local hemodynamics of the horses were not affected by the procedure.
- The researchers found maturation to mature continuous thrombi at the coil site after two weeks.
- Two of the clinically affected horses died on the 3rd and 12th day respectively, post-surgery due to other issues; however, the mycotic lesions were completely resolved in the three surviving horses without the need for further treatment.
Conclusion
- The researchers concluded that performing TACE under fluoroscopic guidance in standing horses is a safer, minimally invasive, and effective method for occluding the internal carotid artery.
- The procedure is recommended specifically for horses that are at risk under general anesthesia.
- Although the treatment may lead to residual neurological deficits, it does not indicate a failure of the procedure itself.
Cite This Article
APA
Benredouane K, Lepage O.
(2012).
Trans-arterial coil embolization of the internal carotid artery in standing horses.
Vet Surg, 41(3), 404-409.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2011.00918.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Department, Université de Lyon, Marcy L'Etoile, F-69280, France. b_kossay@hotmail.com
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Carotid Artery Diseases / pathology
- Carotid Artery Diseases / surgery
- Carotid Artery Diseases / veterinary
- Carotid Artery, Internal / pathology
- Embolization, Therapeutic / methods
- Embolization, Therapeutic / veterinary
- Female
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horse Diseases / therapy
- Horses
- Male
- Posture
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Lepage OM. Guttural Pouch Mycosis: A Three-Step Therapeutic Approach. Vet Sci 2024 Jan 19;11(1).
- Vitoria A, Laborda A, Serrano-Casorrán C, Fuente S, Romero A, Vázquez FJ. Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Carotid Access and Puncture Closure with Angio-Seal in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022 Jun 7;12(12).
- Caffey SR, Lund CM, Farnsworth KD, Fransson BA, Ragle CA. Effects of head position on internal and external carotid pressures in standing sedated horses. Can J Vet Res 2021 Apr;85(2):127-130.
- Carmalt JL, Scansen BA. Development of two surgical approaches to the pituitary gland in the Horse. Vet Q 2018 Dec;38(1):21-27.
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