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Home / Equine Research Bank / Transbound Emerg Dis / Transboundary spread of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) in W...
Transboundary and emerging diseases2020; 68(3); 1253-1262; doi: 10.1111/tbed.13779

Transboundary spread of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) in West and Central Africa: Molecular characterization of identified viruses during outbreaks in Niger and Senegal, in 2019.

Abstract: Since November 2018, several countries in West and Central Africa have reported mortalities in donkeys and horses. Specifically, more than 66,000 horses and donkeys have succumbed to disease in Burkina Faso, Chad, Cameroon, The Gambia, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal. Strangles caused by Streptococcus equi subsp equi, African Horse Sickness (AHS) virus, and Equine influenza virus (EIV) were all suspected as potential causative agents. This study reports the identification of EIV in field samples collected in Niger and Senegal. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes revealed that the identified viruses belonged to clade 1 of the Florida sublineage and were very similar to viruses identified in Nigeria in 2019. Interestingly, they were also more similar to EIVs from recent outbreaks in South America than to those in Europe and the USA. This is one of the first reports providing detailed description and characterization of EIVs in West and Central Africa region.
© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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Publication Date: 2020-08-17 PubMed ID: 32770642DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13779Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article details a study on the spread of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) in West and Central Africa, specifically focusing on outbreaks in Niger and Senegal in 2019.

Context and Purpose

  • The research was conducted in response to a high rate of disease-related deaths reported among donkeys and horses in several countries in West and Central Africa since November 2018.
  • The study aimed to identify the disease causing these deaths, with Strangles, African Horse Sickness (AHS) virus, and Equine influenza virus (EIV) being the suspected culprits.

Methods and Findings

  • The researchers identified EIV in field samples collected in Niger and Senegal, which helped confirm that EIV was, at the very least, partially responsible for the mortalities in the region.
  • They performed a phylogenetic analysis on the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the identified viruses. This is significant as these two proteins play a crucial role in the lifecycle of viruses, including their transmission and infection capabilities.
  • The results revealed that the identified viruses belonged to clade 1 of the Florida sublineage – a particular genetic group of the virus. This was particularly interesting as these viruses were very similar to viruses identified in Nigeria in the same year.

Significance

  • The study’s findings challenge our understanding of EIV distribution, as the identified viruses were found to be more similar to EIVs from recent outbreaks in South America than to those in Europe and the USA.
  • This research provides one of the first detailed descriptions and characterizations of EIVs in the West and Central Africa region. This can help guide future research, improve disease surveillance efforts and inform strategies to prevent and control disease outbreaks.

Cite This Article

APA
Diallo AA, Souley MM, Issa Ibrahim A, Alassane A, Issa R, Gagara H, Yaou B, Issiakou A, Diop M, Ba Diouf RO, Lo FT, Lo MM, Bakhoum T, Sylla M, Seck MT, Meseko C, Shittu I, Cullinane A, Settypalli TBK, Lamien CE, Dundon WG, Cattoli G. (2020). Transboundary spread of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) in West and Central Africa: Molecular characterization of identified viruses during outbreaks in Niger and Senegal, in 2019. Transbound Emerg Dis, 68(3), 1253-1262. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13779

Publication

Transboundary and emerging diseases
ISSN: 1865-1682
NlmUniqueID: 101319538
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 68
Issue: 3
Pages: 1253-1262

Researcher Affiliations

Diallo, Alpha Amadou
  • Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires ISRA/LNERV(LNERV), Dakar, Sénégal.
Souley, Maman Moutari
  • Laboratoire Central de l'Elevage (LABOCEL), Niamey, Niger.
Issa Ibrahim, Abdoulkarim
  • Université de Tillabéri, Tillabéri, Niger.
Alassane, Abdou
  • Laboratoire Central de l'Elevage (LABOCEL), Niamey, Niger.
Issa, Rahila
  • Laboratoire Central de l'Elevage (LABOCEL), Niamey, Niger.
Gagara, Haladou
  • Laboratoire Central de l'Elevage (LABOCEL), Niamey, Niger.
Yaou, Bachir
  • Laboratoire Central de l'Elevage (LABOCEL), Niamey, Niger.
Issiakou, Abdou
  • Direction Générale des Services Vétérinaires du Niger, Niamey, Niger.
Diop, Mariame
  • Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires ISRA/LNERV(LNERV), Dakar, Sénégal.
Ba Diouf, Racky Oumar
  • Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires ISRA/LNERV(LNERV), Dakar, Sénégal.
Lo, Fatou Tall
  • Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires ISRA/LNERV(LNERV), Dakar, Sénégal.
Lo, Modou Moustapha
  • Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires ISRA/LNERV(LNERV), Dakar, Sénégal.
Bakhoum, Thierno
  • Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires ISRA/LNERV(LNERV), Dakar, Sénégal.
Sylla, Mamadou
  • Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires ISRA/LNERV(LNERV), Dakar, Sénégal.
  • Direction du Développement des Equidés, MEPA, Dakar, Sénégal.
Seck, Momar Talla
  • Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires ISRA/LNERV(LNERV), Dakar, Sénégal.
Meseko, Clement
  • National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Shittu, Ismaila
  • National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Cullinane, Ann
  • OIE Reference Laboratory for Equine influenza, Irish Equine Centre, Kildare, Ireland.
Settypalli, Tirumala B K
  • Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
Lamien, Charles E
  • Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
Dundon, William G
  • Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
Cattoli, Giovanni
  • Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
  • Genes, Viral
  • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / genetics
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / transmission
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / classification
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
  • Neuraminidase / genetics
  • Niger / epidemiology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / transmission
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
  • Phylogeny
  • Senegal / epidemiology

Grant Funding

  • IAEA Peaceful Uses Initiative (PUI) VETLAB Network

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