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PloS one2021; 16(10); e0257161; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257161

Transcriptional profiling of equine endometrium before, during and after capsule disintegration during normal pregnancy and after oxytocin-induced luteostasis in non-pregnant mares.

Abstract: The current study used RNA sequencing to determine transcriptional profiles of equine endometrium collected 14, 22, and 28 days after ovulation from pregnant mares. In addition, the transcriptomes of endometrial samples obtained 20 days after ovulation from pregnant mares, and from non-pregnant mares which displayed and failed to display extended luteal function following the administration of oxytocin, were determined and compared in order to delineate genes whose expressions depend on the presence of the conceptus as opposed to elevated progesterone alone. A mere fifty-five transcripts were differentially expressed between samples collected from mares at Day 22 and Day 28 of pregnancy. This likely reflects the longer-term exposure to a relatively constant, progesterone-dominated environment with little change in factors secreted by the conceptus that would affect endometrial gene expression. The complement system was amongst the canonical pathways significantly enriched in transcripts differentially expressed between Day 14 and Day 22/28 of pregnancy. The expression of complement components 7 and 8 was confirmed using in situ hybridization. The expression of SERPING1, an inhibitor of the complement system, was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In line with the resumed capacity of the endometrium to produce prostaglandin, prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 was expressed at higher levels at Days 22 and 28 than at Day 14 of pregnancy. Our data suggest that this up-regulation is enhanced by the presence of the conceptus; samples obtained from mares at Day 20 of pregnancy had significantly higher levels of prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 transcript than mares with extended luteal function.
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Publication Date: 2021-10-06 PubMed ID: 34614002PubMed Central: PMC8494348DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257161Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article describes an in-depth study on the changes that occur in the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) of mares during pregnancy, as well as in non-pregnant mares following hormonal intervention, through a method called RNA sequencing. This method was used to understand how gene expression varies at different stages of pregnancy.

Methods

  • The study made use of RNA sequencing, a technology that allows for the comprehensive examination of the full range of transcripts in a cell.
  • This technology was utilized to examine the transcriptional profiles of the equine endometrium (the lining of the horse’s uterus) on days 14, 22, and 28 following ovulation in pregnant mares.
  • Additionally, endometrial samples were also collected from mares on the 20th day post-ovulation, both from pregnant mares and non-pregnant mares.
  • A group of non-pregnant mares were also administered oxytocin, a hormone that affects the uterus, to induce extended luteal function, a phase in the menstrual cycle where the uterus prepares for potential pregnancy.

Findings

  • The study found only a small number of differentially expressed genes, only fifty-five to be exact, between days 22 and 28 of pregnancy.
  • This likely indicates that long-term exposure to progesterone, a hormone fundamental to maintaining pregnancy, results in a fairly stable environment within the endometrium that doesn’t affect gene expression to a considerable degree.
  • A significant finding was the enrichment of the complement system pathway among the genes that showed varying expression levels between different stages of pregnancy.
  • Specifically, complement components 7 and 8 showed variation and their expressions were confirmed through method called in situ hybridization which allows for visualization of specific genes within a tissue.
  • The expression of SERPING1, a molecule that inhibits the complement system, was checked and confirmed using immunohistochemistry, a technique for identifying specific molecules within cells or tissues.
  • Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1, an enzyme linked to the production of prostaglandin, was found to be expressed at higher levels on days 22 and 28 of pregnancy as compared to day 14.
  • The researchers posited that this up-regulation might be increased by the presence of the conceptus (the embryo along with its supportive tissues) because samples acquired at day 20 of pregnancy had significantly higher levels of this enzyme’s transcript than non-pregnant mares with extended luteal function.

Conclusion

  • The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of transcriptional changes in the equine endometrium over the course of normal pregnancy and under hormonal influences in non-pregnant conditions.
  • Future studies may build upon these findings to better understand the mechanisms of equine pregnancy, laying the groundwork for potential applications in veterinary medicine and horse breeding practices.

Cite This Article

APA
Klein C, Bruce P, Hammermueller J, Hayes T, Lillie B, Betteridge K. (2021). Transcriptional profiling of equine endometrium before, during and after capsule disintegration during normal pregnancy and after oxytocin-induced luteostasis in non-pregnant mares. PLoS One, 16(10), e0257161. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257161

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 16
Issue: 10
Pages: e0257161
PII: e0257161

Researcher Affiliations

Klein, Claudia
  • Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Mariensee, Germany.
Bruce, Phoebe
  • Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Hammermueller, Jutta
  • Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Hayes, Tony
  • Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Lillie, Brandon
  • Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Betteridge, Keith
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Corpus Luteum / drug effects
  • Corpus Luteum / physiology
  • Endometrium / metabolism
  • Female
  • Horses / genetics
  • Horses / physiology
  • Ovulation / drug effects
  • Oxytocin / administration & dosage
  • Oxytocin / pharmacology
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy, Animal
  • Transcriptome / drug effects

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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