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BMC genetics2017; 18(1); 31; doi: 10.1186/s12863-017-0499-1

Transcriptome profiling of Arabian horse blood during training regimens.

Abstract: Arabian horses are believed to be one of the oldest and most influential horse breeds in the world. Blood is the main tissue involved in maintaining body homeostasis, and it is considered a marker of the processes taking place in the other tissues. Thus, the aim of our study was to identify the genetic basis of changes occurring in the blood of Arabian horses subjected to a training regimen and to compare the global gene expression profiles between different training periods (T: after a slow canter phase that is considered a conditioning phase, T: after an intense gallop phase, and T: at the end of the racing season) and between trained and untrained horses (T). RNA sequencing was performed on 37 samples with a 75-bp single-end run on a HiScanSQ platform (Illumina), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on DESeq2 (v1.11.25) software. An increase in the number of DEGs between subsequent training periods was observed, and the highest amount of DEGs (440) was detected between untrained horses (T) and horses at the end of the racing season (T). The comparisons of the T vs. T transcriptomes and the T vs. T transcriptomes showed a significant gain of up-regulated genes during long-term exercise (up-regulation of 266 and 389 DEGs in the T period compared to T and T, respectively). Forty differentially expressed genes were detected between the T and T periods, and 296 between T and T. Functional annotation showed that the most abundant genes up-regulated in exercise were involved in pathways regulating cell cycle (PI3K-Akt signalling pathway), cell communication (cAMP-dependent pathway), proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, as well as immunity processes (Jak-STAT signalling pathway). We investigated whether training causes permanent transcriptome changes in horse blood as a reflection of adaptation to conditioning and the maintenance of fitness to compete in flat races. The present study identified the overrepresented molecular pathways and genes that are essential for maintaining body homeostasis during long-term exercise in Arabian horses. Selected DEGs should be further investigated as markers that are potentially associated with racing performance in Arabian horses.
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Publication Date: 2017-04-05 PubMed ID: 28381206PubMed Central: PMC5382464DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0499-1Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores the genetic changes in the blood of Arabian horses subjected to different training regimens, revealing specific genes and pathways that may be relevant to racing performance.

Objective of the Research

The study aimed to understand the genetic changes that occur in the blood of Arabian horses when they undergo different periods and intensities of training.

Methods and Procedures Used

  • The investigators carried out RNA sequencing on 37 horse blood samples striving to identify Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) using DESeq2 software.
  • The samples were obtained from various training phases such as after a slow canter phase, after an intense gallop phase, and at the end of the racing season, as well as from untrained horses.

Key Findings of the Study

  • The number of DEGs increased between subsequent training phases, thus indicating a significant change in gene expression driven by exercise.
  • The study identified the highest number of DEGs (440) between untrained horses and horses at the end of the racing season.
  • There was a significant up-regulation of genes during long-term exercise as shown by comparing the transcriptomes of untrained horses versus horses in various training periods.
  • The researchers detected 40 DEGs between two different periods, and 296 between two others, demonstrating how degrees of training intensity can alter gene expression.

Interpretation of the Results

  • The functional analysis revealed that the most abundant genes up-regulated during exercise were involved in various biological processes, notably cell cycle regulation, cellular communication, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immunity processes.
  • The findings suggest that the adaptive changes in gene expression during exercise are important for maintaining homeostasis in the horses’ bodies.

Implications and Conclusions

  • This research sheds light on the genes that potentially play a crucial role in maintaining body homeostasis during long-term exercise in Arabian horses.
  • The study opens up the possibility of further exploring these DEGs as potential markers associated with racing performance in Arabian horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Żukowski K, Piórkowska K, Gurgul A, Bugno-Poniewierska M. (2017). Transcriptome profiling of Arabian horse blood during training regimens. BMC Genet, 18(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-017-0499-1

Publication

BMC genetics
ISSN: 1471-2156
NlmUniqueID: 100966978
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 18
Issue: 1
Pages: 31
PII: 31

Researcher Affiliations

Ropka-Molik, Katarzyna
  • Department of Genomics and Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland. katarzyna.ropka@izoo.krakow.pl.
Stefaniuk-Szmukier, Monika
  • Department of Horse Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Kracow, Poland.
Żukowski, Kacper
  • Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland.
Piórkowska, Katarzyna
  • Department of Genomics and Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland.
Gurgul, Artur
  • Department of Genomics and Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland.
Bugno-Poniewierska, Monika
  • Department of Genomics and Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Cycle
  • DNA / blood
  • Gene Expression Profiling / veterinary
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Gene Regulatory Networks
  • Horses / classification
  • Horses / genetics
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal
  • Sequence Analysis, RNA / veterinary
  • Software

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