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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Physiol / Transvascular fluid flux from the pulmonary vasculature at r...
The Journal of physiology2005; 570(Pt 2); 397-405; doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.098723

Transvascular fluid flux from the pulmonary vasculature at rest and during exercise in horses.

Abstract: Exercise causes changes in pulmonary haemodynamics through redistribution of blood flow, increase in the pulmonary surface area, and increase in pulmonary vascular pressures. These changes contribute to the increase in fluid exchange across the alveolar-capillary barrier. To determine the extent of the fluid exchange across the alveolar-capillary barrier at rest and during exercise, six horses were exercised on a high-speed treadmill until fatigue. Arterial and mixed venous blood were sampled at rest and during exercise and recovery. Blood volume changes across the lung (DeltaBV; measured in percentage) were calculated from changes in plasma protein and haemoglobin concentration, and haematocrit. Cardiac output (Q) was calculated using the Fick equation. Fluid flux (J(V-A); measured in l min(-1)) across the alveolar-capillary barrier was then quantified based on Q and DeltaBV. At rest, no fluid movement occurred across the pulmonary vasculature (0.6 +/- 0.6 l min(-1)). During exercise, the amount of fluid moved from the pulmonary circulation was 8.3 +/- 1.3 l min(-1) at 1 min, 6.4 +/- 2.9 l min(-)(1) at 2 min, 10.1 +/- 1.0 l min(-1) at 3 min, 12.9 +/- 2.5 l min(-1) at 4 and 9.6 +/- 1.5 l min(-1) at fatigue (all P < 0.0001). Erythrocyte volume decreased by 6% (P < 0.01) across the lungs, which decreased the colloid osmotic gradient in the pulmonary vasculature. Decrease colloid osmotic gradient along with increased hydrostatic forces in the pulmonary vasculature would enhance displacement of fluid into the pulmonary interstitium. In conclusion, exercise caused large increases in transpulmonary fluid fluxes in horses. Here, we present a simple method to calculate transpulmonary fluid fluxes in different species, which can be used to elucidate mechanisms of lung fluid balance in vivo.
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Publication Date: 2005-11-03 PubMed ID: 16269434PubMed Central: PMC1464305DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.098723Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigated how exercise in horses affects the exchange of fluid across the alveolar-capillary barrier in their lungs. Using a treadmill-based exercise test and various physiological measures, the study found that exercise causes a significant increase in this fluid exchange.

Background and Objectives

  • The study began with the hypothesis that physical exercise causes changes in the pulmonary (lung) haemodynamics of horses. This involved changes including redistribution of blood flow, increased surface area in the pulmonary region, and increased vascular pressures in the lungs.
  • The researchers aimed to determine the extent of fluid exchange taking place across the alveolar-capillary barrier of the horses both at rest and during exercise. The alveolar-capillary barrier is a thin membrane which oxygen and carbon dioxide move through during respiration.

Methodology

  • The experiment involved six horses which were made to exercise on a high-speed treadmill until they became fatigued.
  • Blood samples were taken from the horses both before exercise (at rest) and during exertion, and the volume changes in the lung were measured. These changes were tracked via indicators such as plasma protein and haemoglobin concentration, as well as haematocrit, which measures the proportion of blood cells in blood.
  • The researchers then calculated cardiac output and used these data in conjunction with the changes in blood volume to quantify the amount of fluid exchange across the alveolar-capillary barrier.

Findings

  • The research found that no fluid movement occurred across the pulmonary vasculature while the horses were at rest. However, upon physical exertion, a significant amount of fluid moved from the pulmonary circulation. The volume of this fluid movement increased as the exercise was prolonged, peaking at the fourth minute of exercise.
  • The volume of erythrocytes (red blood cells) also decreased during exercise across the lungs, reducing the colloid osmotic gradient in the lung vasculature. This, along with increased hydrostatic forces, enhanced the displacement of fluid into the pulmonary interstitium.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The research concluded that physical exercise leads to substantial increases in the exchange of fluid across the alveolar-capillary barrier in the lungs of horses.
  • From their findings, the researchers suggest a simple method for calculating such fluid changes in different species – an approach that could throw light on lung fluid balances in live subjects.

Cite This Article

APA
Vengust M, Staempfli H, Viel L, Heigenhauser G. (2005). Transvascular fluid flux from the pulmonary vasculature at rest and during exercise in horses. J Physiol, 570(Pt 2), 397-405. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2005.098723

Publication

The Journal of physiology
ISSN: 0022-3751
NlmUniqueID: 0266262
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 570
Issue: Pt 2
Pages: 397-405

Researcher Affiliations

Vengust, Modest
  • Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. modest.vengust@vf.uni-lj.si
Staempfli, Henry
    Viel, Laurent
      Heigenhauser, George

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Blood Proteins / analysis
        • Blood Volume / physiology
        • Blood-Air Barrier / physiology
        • Cardiac Output / physiology
        • Erythrocytes
        • Extravascular Lung Water / physiology
        • Female
        • Fluid Shifts
        • Hemoglobins / analysis
        • Horses / physiology
        • Lung / blood supply
        • Lung / physiology
        • Male
        • Physical Conditioning, Animal
        • Physical Exertion / physiology
        • Pulmonary Artery / physiology
        • Pulmonary Gas Exchange / physiology
        • Pulmonary Veins / physiology
        • Pulmonary Ventilation / physiology
        • Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / physiology

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        Citations

        This article has been cited 3 times.
        1. Frlic O, Seliškar A, Domanjko Petrič A, Blagus R, Heigenhauser G, Vengust M. Pulmonary Circulation Transvascular Fluid Fluxes Do Not Change during General Anesthesia in Dogs. Front Physiol 2018;9:124.
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        2. Vengust M, Staempfli H, Viel L, Swenson ER, Heigenhauser G. Acetazolamide attenuates transvascular fluid flux in equine lungs during intense exercise. J Physiol 2013 Sep 15;591(18):4499-513.
          doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.257956pubmed: 23818694google scholar: lookup
        3. Perez-Moreno CI, Couëtil LL, Pratt SM, Ochoa-Acuña HG, Raskin RE, Russell MA. Effect of furosemide and furosemide-carbazochrome combination on exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in Standardbred racehorses. Can Vet J 2009 Aug;50(8):821-7.
          pubmed: 19881919
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