Ultrasonographic Reference Values of Kidney Dimensions and Clinicopathological Findings Associating the Transcutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Renal Biopsy in Donkeys (Equus asinus).
Abstract: This study aimed to establish normal ultrasonographic reference values of kidney dimensions in donkeys (Equus asinus) and to describe and evaluate the clinicopathological variations associated with ultrasound-guided renal biopsy. The ultrasonographic dimensions of the right and left kidneys were conducted on 16 donkeys, which were then divided into two groups; eight each for biopsy of the right kidney (RK) and left kidney (LK). Three ultrasonographic cineloops were obtained at 17th intercostal space daily for 3 consecutive days. Renal length, width, and dimensions of the cortex, medulla, and pelvis for both the kidneys in each donkey were recorded. Maximal dimensions were obtained for the RK (length 10 ± 8 cm, width 4.9 ± 1 cm, thickness 4.2 ± 0.4 cm) and LK (length 8.9 ± 0.9 cm, width 4.7 ± 0.8 cm, thickness 3.5 ± 0.7 cm) with good-to-excellent repeatability for all measurements. Follow-up ultrasonography revealed development of postbiopsy subcapsular hematomas, which were confirmed postmortem, of mild (volume 40 mL). Gross hematuria had been observed till 24 hours after biopsy, and then microscopic hematuria was noticed thereafter. Variable clinicopathological changes were noticed in blood and urine. All the biopsy specimens were adequate for histopathological assessment. Postmortem histopathological examination revealed various kidney changes. In conclusion, kidney dimensions can be used by veterinarians for accurate diagnosis and management of renal diseases. Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy is a relatively safe procedure; however, some complications may develop. Renal biopsy is commonly associated with clinicopathological variations; thus, caution should be taken during interpretation of these variables.
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2018-04-21 PubMed ID: 31256879DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.04.001Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The study sets out to determine the standard kidney size in donkeys using ultrasound and examine the clinical and pathological changes connected to ultrasound-guided kidney biopsies.
Objective of the Research
- The study was primarily aimed at establishing standard reference values for donkey kidney dimensions using ultrasonography.
- The other objective of the study was to examine and evaluate clinicopathological changes that come about as a result of ultrasound-guided renal biopsy.
Methodology
- The study was carried out on 16 donkeys. Each donkey had the measurements of its right and left kidneys taken with an ultrasound.
- The donkeys were then divided into two groups of eight each, one group for right kidney biopsies and the other for left kidney biopsies.
- For three consecutive days, three ultrasonographic cineloops were obtained at the 17th intercostal space on each donkey.
- All the size parameters of the kidneys including length, width, and the dimensions of the cortex, medulla, and pelvis were recorded.
Findings
- The data obtained showed maximal dimensions for the right kidney and left kidney in donkeys, with excellent repeatability, implying the measurements were consistent.
- Follow-up ultrasonography revealed that some donkeys developed subcapsular hematomas after the biopsy process.
- The presence of blood in urine was observed up to 24 hours after the biopsy, followed by smaller quantities of blood detected microscopically thereafter.
- Various clinicopathological changes were noticed in the blood and urine of the donkeys after the biopsy.
Conclusions
- The research concludes that kidney dimensions can be used by vets to accurately diagnose and manage kidney diseases in donkeys.
- Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy is declared as a fairly safe process, although some complications such as hematomas and hematuria can develop.
- The changes seen in blood and urine after the biopsy call for caution during the interpretation of these variables.
Cite This Article
APA
Hussein HA, Ibrahim A, Ali MF.
(2018).
Ultrasonographic Reference Values of Kidney Dimensions and Clinicopathological Findings Associating the Transcutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Renal Biopsy in Donkeys (Equus asinus).
J Equine Vet Sci, 68, 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2018.04.001 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Internal Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Electronic address: hhussein@aun.edu.eg.
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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