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Home / Equine Research Bank / In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim / Ultrastructural morphology is distinct among primary progeni...
In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal2019; 55(8); 641-655; doi: 10.1007/s11626-019-00380-1

Ultrastructural morphology is distinct among primary progenitor cell isolates from normal, inflamed, and cryopreserved equine hoof tissue and CD105+K14+ progenitor cells.

Abstract: The equine hoof dermal-epidermal interface requires progenitor cells with distinct characteristics. This study was designed to provide accurate ultrastructural depictions of progenitor cells isolated from inflamed tissue and normal tissue before and after cryopreservation and following selection of cells expressing both keratin (K) 14 (ectodermal) and cluster of differentiation (CD) 105 (mesodermal). Passage 3 cell ultrastructure was assessed following 2D culture and after 3D culture on decellularized hoof tissue scaffolds. Outcome measures included light, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and CD105+K14+ cell trilineage plasticity. Cells from normal tissue had typical progenitor cell characteristics. Those from inflamed tissue had organelles and morphology consistent with catabolic activities including lysosomes, irregular rough endoplasmic reticulum, and fewer vacuoles and early endosomes than those from normal tissue. Cryopreserved tissue cells appeared apoptotic with an irregular cell membrane covered by cytoplasmic protrusions closely associated with endocytic and exocytic vesicles, chromatin aggregated on the nuclear envelop, abundant, poorly organized rough endoplasmic reticulum, and plentiful lysosomes. Cells that were CD105+K14+ were distinguishable from heterogenous cells by infrequent microvilli on the cell surface, sparse endosomes and vesicles, and desmosomes between cells. Cells expressed ectodermal (K15) and mesodermal (CD105) proteins in 2D and 3D cultures. Inflamed and cryopreserved tissue isolates attached poorly to tissue scaffold while normal tissue cells attached well, but only CD105+K14+ cells produced extracellular matrix after 4 d. The CD105+K14+ cells exhibited osteoblastic, adipocytic, and neurocytic differentiation. Ultrastructural information provided by this study contributes to understanding of equine hoof progenitor cells to predict their potential contributions to tissue maintenance, healing, and damage as well post-implantation behavior.
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Publication Date: 2019-07-11 PubMed ID: 31297697PubMed Central: PMC6717190DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00380-1Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the unique ultrastructural characteristics of progenitor cells, a type of stem cell, derived from horse hoof tissue under different conditions: normal, inflamed, and cryopreserved. It compares their morphologies and potential applications in tissue maintenance, healing, and predicting post-implantation behavior.

Study design and methods

  • The researchers looked at the unique ultrastructural morphology of progenitor cells from the equine hoof.
  • Such cells were derived from three types of tissues: normal, inflamed, and cryopreserved.
  • These cells were also selected for co-expression of certain protein markers, Keratin 14 (K14) and cluster of differentiation 105 (CD105), suggesting dermal (skin-related) and mesodermal (middle layer of embryo) origins respectively.
  • To analyze morphology, cells were grown in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) conditions and observed using several microscopy techniques like light, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopy.
  • CD105K14 cell plasticity, or ability to develop into different types of cells, was also assessed. This is important for understanding their potential in regenerative medicine or tissue repair.

Key findings

  • The study found that cells derived from normal tissue exhibited typical characteristics of progenitor cells.
  • In contrast, inflamed tissues yielded cells with features that suggest catabolic activities, which are associated with breaking down larger molecules into smaller units.
  • Cells coming from cryopreserved, or frozen, tissue had characteristics indicative of cellular self-destruction or apoptosis.
  • Interestingly, the CD105K14 cells had unique features, sparse endosomes (cell parts involved in transporting proteins), and had connections between cells (desmosomes), which set them apart from the mixed cell population.
  • Depending on the culture conditions (2D or 3D), cells expressed different kinds of proteins, suggesting their plasticity
  • Cells derived from inflamed and cryopreserved tissues did not adhere well to artificial tissue scaffold, hinting at the impaired functional attributes under these conditions.
  • However, the selected CD105K14 cells were able to produce extracellular matrix, a complex structural component necessary for tissue stability, after four days. This denotes their potential in healing and tissue maintenance.
  • Furthermore, these cells could transform into other cell types seen in bones, fat, and nerves, underlining their high degree of plasticity.

Significance of the study

  • The study helps in understanding how different conditions (normal, inflamed, cryopreserved) impact the structure and potential functionalities of progenitor cells isolated from the equine hoof.
  • The research brings new insights about cellular and molecular features that may predict the cells’ behaviors after implantation, important information for the field of regenerative medicine.

Cite This Article

APA
Yang Q, Lopez MJ. (2019). Ultrastructural morphology is distinct among primary progenitor cell isolates from normal, inflamed, and cryopreserved equine hoof tissue and CD105+K14+ progenitor cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 55(8), 641-655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11626-019-00380-1

Publication

In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal
ISSN: 1543-706X
NlmUniqueID: 9418515
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 55
Issue: 8
Pages: 641-655

Researcher Affiliations

Yang, Qingqiu
  • Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
Lopez, Mandi J
  • Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA. mlopez@lsu.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Cell Lineage
  • Cell Separation
  • Cryopreservation
  • Cytoskeleton / metabolism
  • Cytoskeleton / ultrastructure
  • Endoglin / metabolism
  • Female
  • Hoof and Claw / pathology
  • Hoof and Claw / ultrastructure
  • Horses
  • Inflammation / pathology
  • Keratin-14 / metabolism
  • Male
  • Stem Cells / ultrastructure

Grant Funding

  • NI18AHDRXXXXG019 / U.S. Department of Agriculture

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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