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Home / Equine Research Bank / Int J Environ Res Public Health / Use of a 3-D dispersion model for calculation of distributio...
International journal of environmental research and public health2014; 11(4); 3599-3617; doi: 10.3390/ijerph110403599

Use of a 3-D dispersion model for calculation of distribution of horse allergen and odor around horse facilities.

Abstract: The interest in equestrian sports has increased substantially during the last decades, resulting in increased number of horse facilities around urban areas. In Sweden, new guidelines for safe distance have been decided based on the size of the horse facility (e.g., number of horses) and local conditions, such as topography and meteorology. There is therefore an increasing need to estimate dispersion of horse allergens to be used, for example, in the planning processes for new residential areas in the vicinity of horse facilities. The aim of this study was to develop a method for calculating short- and long-term emissions and dispersion of horse allergen and odor around horse facilities. First, a method was developed to estimate horse allergen and odor emissions at hourly resolution based on field measurements. Secondly, these emission factors were used to calculate concentrations of horse allergen and odor by using 3-D dispersion modeling. Results from these calculations showed that horse allergens spread up to about 200 m, after which concentration levels were very low (<2 U/m³). Approximately 10% of a study-group detected the smell of manure at 60m, while the majority--80%-90%--detected smell at 60 m or shorter distance from the manure heap. Modeling enabled horse allergen exposure concentrations to be determined with good time resolution.
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Publication Date: 2014-03-31 PubMed ID: 24690946PubMed Central: PMC4024999DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110403599Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

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The study describes a method to calculate the spread of horse allergen and odor from horse facilities using 3-D dispersion modelling. The findings from this study can aid in planning new residential areas near horse facilities.

Objective of the Study

  • The research aims to develop a methodology to calculate short-term and long-term emissions and dispersion of horse allergens and odors around horse facilities. This technique was necessary due to the increase in horse facilities around urban areas and to uphold new safe distance guidelines in Sweden.

Procedure Taken

  • The first step was to develop a method to estimate horse allergen and odor emissions at an hourly rate based on field measurements. This would provide data for understanding how these emissions vary across different times of the day.
  • Secondly, 3-D dispersion modeling was used in combination with the calculated emission factors to determine the concentrations of horse allergens and odor. The 3-D model helped to visualize how the allergens and odor dispersed from the horse facilities into the surrounding environment.

Research Outcomes

  • The research revealed that horse allergens spread to a maximum distance of about 200m, after which the concentration levels dropped significantly to less than 2 Units per cubic meter (U/m³).
  • From a study-group, it was found that roughly 10% detected the smell of manure at a distance of 60m, while the majority—about 80%-90%—detected the odor within a 60m radius from the manure heap.
  • The modeling technique proved efficient in determining the exposure concentrations of horse allergens with excellent time resolution. It provided valuable insights that can assist in understanding the impact of horse facilities on the surrounding environment and contribute to better planning when setting up residential areas near these facilities.

Cite This Article

APA
Haeger-Eugensson M, Ferm M, Elfman L. (2014). Use of a 3-D dispersion model for calculation of distribution of horse allergen and odor around horse facilities. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 11(4), 3599-3617. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110403599

Publication

International journal of environmental research and public health
ISSN: 1660-4601
NlmUniqueID: 101238455
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Pages: 3599-3617

Researcher Affiliations

Haeger-Eugensson, Marie
  • IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, SE 40014 Gothenburg, Sweden. mrhr@cowi.se.
Ferm, Martin
  • IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, SE 40014 Gothenburg, Sweden. martin.ferm@ivl.se.
Elfman, Lena
  • Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, SE 75185 Uppsala, Sweden. lena.elfman@medsci.uu.se.

MeSH Terms

  • Air Movements
  • Air Pollutants / analysis
  • Allergens / analysis
  • Animal Husbandry
  • Animals
  • Horses / immunology
  • Humans
  • Manure
  • Models, Theoretical
  • Odorants / analysis
  • Olfactory Perception
  • Sweden

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Tumlin K, Liu S, Park JH. Framing Future of Work Considerations through Climate and Built Environment Assessment of Volunteer Work Practices in the United States Equine Assisted Services.. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Oct 2;18(19).
    doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910385pubmed: 34639685google scholar: lookup
  2. Victor S, Binnmyr J, Lampa E, Rask-Andersen A, Elfman L. Levels of horse allergen Equ c 4 in dander and saliva from ten horse breeds.. Clin Exp Allergy 2019 May;49(5):701-711.
    doi: 10.1111/cea.13362pubmed: 30716182google scholar: lookup
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