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Use of a Fogarty balloon catheter for management of distal nasolacrimal duct atresia in a standing sedated horse.

Abstract: A 4-year-old Arabian cross paint mare was referred for evaluation of chronic mucopurulent discharge and epiphora of the left eye. Ophthalmic and radiographic evaluations confirmed distal nasolacrimal duct atresia with absence of the nasolacrimal orifice. Initial minimally invasive treatments, including guidewire-assisted catheterization and diode laser photoablation, were unsuccessful. Definitive treatment was achieved using a Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheter under standing sedation. Controlled balloon inflation and deflation enabled progressive dilation of the obstructed duct, and a surgical mucosal opening over the balloon permitted creation of a nasal orifice. A temporary stent was maintained for 4 wk, resulting in successful restoration of nasolacrimal drainage without recurrence of epiphora. Twelve months after catheter removal, no recurrence of ocular discharge was noted. This case report highlights a minimally invasive, effective technique for treating distal nasolacrimal duct atresia in horses when other neocanalization methods are unsuccessful. Key clinical message: A Fogarty catheter-assisted neocanalization offered a practical and effective option for restoring nasolacrimal duct patency in a horse with distal duct atresia and absence of the nasal orifice, providing a minimally invasive alternative when conventional methods failed. Utilisation d’un cathéter de Fogarty pour traiter une atrésie distale du canal nasolacrymal chez un cheval debout sédatéUne jument de 4 ans de race croisée Arabe-Paint a été référée pour investigation d’un épiphora chronique muco-purulent de l’œil gauche. Les examens radiographiques et ophtalmologiques ont permis d’identifier une atrésie distale du conduit nasolacrymal, associé à une absence de l’orifice nasolacrymal distal. Les traitements minimalement invasifs initiaux, incluant la cathétérisation avec guide métallique et le traitement par photoablation au laser diode, ont échoué. La pose d’un cathéter d’embolectomie artérielle de Fogarty sous sédation en station debout a permis un traitement définitif. Le gonflement et la déflation contrôlés du ballonnet ont permis la dilatation progressive du conduit nasolacrymal et une incision chirurgicale de la muqueuse au-dessus du ballonnet a permis la création d’un orifice nasal distal. Un stent temporaire a été maintenu en place pendant 4 semaines, ce qui a permis la restauration du drainage nasolacrymal, sans récurrence de l’épiphora. Douze mois après retrait du cathéter, la jument était toujours exempte de toute sécrétion oculaire anormale. Cette approche offre une alternative minimalement invasive pour le traitement de l’atrésie distale du canal nasolacrymal chez les chevaux, lorsque d’autres méthodes ont échoué.Message clinique clé :La néocanalisation assistée par cathéter de Fogarty s’est révélée une option pratique et efficace pour rétablir la perméabilité du canal nasolacrymal chez un cheval présentant une atrésie distale et l’absence d’orifice nasal, offrant ainsi une alternative minimalement invasive lorsque les méthodes conventionnelles avaient échoué.Traduit par les auteurs.
Publication Date: 2025-12-01 PubMed ID: 41584254PubMed Central: PMC12825634
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Summary

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Overview

  • This study reports a successful treatment of a horse with distal nasolacrimal duct atresia, resulting in chronic eye discharge and blockage, using a minimally invasive Fogarty balloon catheter technique under standing sedation after other methods failed.

Introduction and Clinical Problem

  • A 4-year-old Arabian cross paint mare was suffering from chronic mucopurulent discharge (pus and mucus) and excessive tearing (epiphora) of the left eye.
  • Diagnostic evaluations including ophthalmic (eye) examination and radiographs confirmed distal nasolacrimal duct atresia, meaning the duct was blocked near its opening, with an absence of the normal nasolacrimal orifice (the opening where the duct drains into the nasal cavity).
  • This condition caused impaired drainage of tears, leading to chronic infection and irritation.

Initial Treatments and Challenges

  • Minimally invasive methods were first attempted to unblock the duct:
    • Guidewire-assisted catheterization: An attempt to pass a thin wire through the blocked duct to reopen it.
    • Diode laser photoablation: Using laser energy to remove obstructive tissue and create a passage.
  • Both initial approaches were unsuccessful, likely due to the complete absence of the nasal orifice and severity of the obstruction.

Fogarty Balloon Catheter Technique

  • Definitive treatment involved the use of a Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheter, a specialized balloon catheter typically used to remove blood clots from arteries.
  • The procedure was performed while the horse was standing under sedation, avoiding general anesthesia and its risks.
  • Key procedural steps included:
    • Insertion of the deflated balloon catheter into the blocked nasolacrimal duct.
    • Controlled inflation and deflation of the balloon to progressively dilate (expand) the obstructed duct.
    • Surgical incision of the mucosal tissue over the balloon to create a new nasal opening (orifice) for drainage.
    • Placement of a temporary stent in the newly created duct for 4 weeks to maintain patency (keep it open) during healing.

Outcomes and Follow-Up

  • The procedure successfully restored normal tear drainage, resolving the chronic eye discharge and epiphora.
  • No recurrence of symptoms was observed during a 12-month follow-up after stent removal.
  • The technique provided a practical, effective, and minimally invasive alternative when conventional neocanalization methods failed.

Key Clinical Message

  • Fogarty balloon catheter-assisted neocanalization offers a valuable treatment option for distal nasolacrimal duct atresia in horses especially when the normal nasal opening is absent.
  • This method allows controlled, progressive dilation and creation of a new drainage pathway with minimal surgical trauma.
  • Conducting the procedure under standing sedation reduces risks associated with general anesthesia in large animals.
  • It expands available therapeutic options for equine ophthalmologists managing challenging nasolacrimal obstructions.

Cite This Article

APA
Bourassi S, Jack H, Florczyk A. (2025). Use of a Fogarty balloon catheter for management of distal nasolacrimal duct atresia in a standing sedated horse. Can Vet J, 66(12), 1273-1278.

Publication

ISSN: 2819-4403
NlmUniqueID: 0004653
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 66
Issue: 12
Pages: 1273-1278

Researcher Affiliations

Bourassi, Simon
  • Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (Bourassi, Jack); Department for Small Animals and Horses, Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (Florczyk).
Jack, Heather
  • Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (Bourassi, Jack); Department for Small Animals and Horses, Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (Florczyk).
Florczyk, Agnieszka
  • Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (Bourassi, Jack); Department for Small Animals and Horses, Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (Florczyk).

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Horse Diseases / therapy
  • Horse Diseases / surgery
  • Female
  • Nasolacrimal Duct / abnormalities
  • Nasolacrimal Duct / surgery
  • Catheterization / veterinary
  • Catheterization / instrumentation
  • Catheterization / methods
  • Catheters / veterinary
  • Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / veterinary
  • Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / therapy

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Citations

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