Use of a laparoscopic specimen retrieval pouch to facilitate removal of intact or fragmented cystic calculi from standing sedated horses: 8 cases (2012-2015).

The research paper investigates the use of a laparoscopic specimen retrieval pouch for removing cystic calculi (bladder stones) from horses. The study conducted on eight horses illustrated that this method is effective, minimally invasive and results in limited trauma to the bladder and urethra.

Research Methodology

• Eight horses, five geldings and three mares with diagnosed cystic calculi (bladder stones), were chosen as subjects of the study.
• Physical examinations, including cystoscopic, ultrasonographic, and hematologic evaluations of each horse’s urinary tract function were performed.
• Once diagnosed with cystic calculus based on the results of cystoscopy and ultrasonography, any concurrent urolithiasis or other urinary tract abnormalities found during preoperative evaluations were recorded.
• The horses were sedated and placed in standing stocks, and their perineums were aseptically prepared.
• In the geldings, a perineal urethrotomy was performed to gain direct access to the bladder, while in the mares, a transurethral approach was adopted.
• The calculi, or stones, were visualized endoscopically, manipulated into the retrieval pouch, and removed either intact or fragmented if they were larger in size.

Research Findings

• In four geldings and one mare, fragmentation was necessary to facilitate the removal of the calculi.
• The surgery had an average duration of 125 minutes, with limited trauma to the urinary bladder and urethra confined to areas of hyperemia and submucosal petechiation (small red or purple spots caused by bleeding under the skin).
• No postoperative complications were encountered in any of the horses.
• In cases where lithotripsy (a procedure used to break down stones) was required, the retrieval pouch proved effective for stabilizing the calculi and containing the fragments for removal.

Research Conclusion

• The use of a laparoscopic specimen retrieval pouch was found to be an effective method for removing cystic calculi in horses.
• Furthermore, this method was minimally invasive, leading to limited urinary bladder and urethra trauma, thus ensuring a safer procedure for the animals.
• The pouch served as a protective barrier during the removal process and allowed for the stabilization, containment, and fragmentation of calculi when necessary.