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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Use of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) to Estimate Tid...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(5); 1350; doi: 10.3390/ani11051350

Use of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) to Estimate Tidal Volume in Anaesthetized Horses Undergoing Elective Surgery.

Abstract: This study explores the application of electric impedance tomography (EIT) to estimate tidal volume (VT) by measuring impedance change per breath (∆Z). Seventeen healthy horses were anaesthetised and mechanically ventilated for elective procedures requiring dorsal recumbency. Spirometric VT (VT) and ∆Z were recorded periodically; up to six times throughout anaesthesia. Part 1 assessed these variables at incremental delivered VT of 10, 12 and 15 mL/kg. Part 2 estimated VT (VT) in litres from ∆Z at three additional measurement points using a line of best fit obtained from Part 1. During part 2, VT was adjusted to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide between 45-55 mmHg. Linear regression determined the correlation between VT and ∆Z (part 1). Estimated VT was assessed for agreement with measured VT using Bland Altman analysis (part 2). Marked variability in slope and intercepts was observed across horses. Strong positive correlation between ∆Z and VT was found in each horse (R 0.9-0.99). The agreement between VT and VT was good with bias (LOA) of 0.26 (-0.36-0.88) L. These results suggest that, in anaesthetised horses, EIT can be used to monitor and estimate VT after establishing the individual relationship between these variables.
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Publication Date: 2021-05-10 PubMed ID: 34068514PubMed Central: PMC8151473DOI: 10.3390/ani11051350Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research evaluates the use of electric impedance tomography (EIT) in estimating the tidal volume (VT) or breathing capacity in anaesthetized horses. This study suggests that EIT can effectively measure VT in horses under anesthesia by initially establishing the individual relation between the impedance change per breath and VT.

Research Methodology

  • For this study, a total of 17 healthy horses were selected who were anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated for elective procedures necessitating dorsal recumbency or laying on their back.
  • A two-part method was established to measure the tidal volume using EIT. In Part 1, variables were observed at an incrementally provided VT of 10, 12 and 15 mL/kg. This was done to assess the relationship between the spirometric VT (VT) and the impedance change per breath (∆Z).
  • In Part 2, the researchers utilized the line of best fit obtained from Part 1 to estimate VT from ∆Z at three further measurement points. The VT was adjusted in this part to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide between 45-55 mmHg.

Data Analysis

  • Linear regression was applied to establish the correlation between VT and ∆Z in Part 1 of the study.
  • In Part 2, the researchers used Bland Altman analysis to compare the estimated VT with the measured VT and determine their agreement.
  • There was marked variability in slope and intercepts across different horses, indicative of the individual relationship of these variables being unique for each horse.

Findings and Conclusion

  • The study discovered a strong positive correlation between ∆Z and VT in each horse (R 0.9-0.99), indicating the feasibility of using EIT to estimate VT in anaesthetized horses.
  • The level of agreement between the estimated VT and measured VT was deemed good with a bias (LOA) of 0.26 (-0.36-0.88) L.
  • Consequently, the research concludes that EIT can be employed to monitor and estimate the VT in anaesthetized horses, but only after establishing the individual relationship between VT and ∆Z variables for each horse.

Cite This Article

APA
Crivellari B, Raisis A, Hosgood G, Waldmann AD, Murphy D, Mosing M. (2021). Use of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) to Estimate Tidal Volume in Anaesthetized Horses Undergoing Elective Surgery. Animals (Basel), 11(5), 1350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051350

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
PII: 1350

Researcher Affiliations

Crivellari, Benedetta
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia.
Raisis, Anthea
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia.
Hosgood, Giselle
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia.
Waldmann, Andreas D
  • Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 39071 Rostock, Germany.
Murphy, David
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia.
Mosing, Martina
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Brabant OA, Byrne DP, Sacks M, Moreno Martinez F, Raisis AL, Araos JB, Waldmann AD, Schramel JP, Ambrosio A, Hosgood G, Braun C, Auer U, Bleul U, Herteman N, Secombe CJ, Schoster A, Soares J, Beazley S, Meira C, Adler A, Mosing M. Thoracic Electrical Impedance Tomography-The 2022 Veterinary Consensus Statement.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:946911.
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  2. Moreno-Martinez F, Byrne D, Raisis A, Waldmann AD, Hosgood G, Mosing M. Comparison of Effects of an Endotracheal Tube or Facemask on Breathing Pattern and Distribution of Ventilation in Anesthetized Horses.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:895268.
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