[Vaccination of animals and human health].

This research article discusses how vaccines administered to animals, both for diseases exclusive to animals and diseases shared between animals and humans (zoonoses), have direct and indirect effects on human health. The paper also suggests further research is needed on the implications of such vaccinations, mentions rare negative effects on immunosuppressed individuals, and the necessity for continual monitoring and regulation of animal vaccines.

Direct Protective Effect of Animal Vaccination

• The article begins by discussing the direct benefits vaccinations provide, often by preventing zoonotic diseases that can be transferred from animals to humans. This includes rabies, transmitted by dogs, cats, and foxes, and respiratory diseases in cows, horses, dogs, and cats.
• Vaccinations against specific illnesses like salmonellosis and leptospirosis, vesicular stomatitis, American equine encephalitis, ecthyma, stomatitis papulosa, brucellosis, anthrax, Q-fever, Newcastle disease, and foot-and-mouth disease are mentioned. These vaccines contribute majorly to human health by preventing these diseases in animals, reducing the chances of them being passed onto humans.

Indirect Protective Effect of Animal Vaccination

• The article further investigates the indirect protective effects of animal vaccinations on human health, emphasising that these are complex and still require further study.
• An example given of such indirect effects is the vaccination of animals against influenza A viruses. These vaccines can inhibit the mixing and recombination between human and animal influenza viruses in an ecological system, protecting humans from novel strains of influenza.

Potential Negative Effects of Animal Vaccination

• The article also acknowledges that, on rare occasions, vaccinations administered to animals can potentially negatively affect humans. Immunocompromised individuals can, in particular, be adversely affected by live vaccines.
• Examples of these rare incidences include vaccination against Newcastle disease in fowl or orthopox in animals by using common vaccinia strains, particularly after compulsory human vaccination has been ceased.

Requirement for Monitoring and Regulation of Animal Vaccines

• Finally, the study highlights the necessity for the continual monitoring of animal vaccinations and their impacts on human health.
• Vaccinations must be examined regularly, and if the outcomes show that they are beneficial, their application should be encouraged to be more selective and widespread.