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Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde2021; 163(9); 545-552; doi: 10.17236/sat00312

[Vaccinovigilance: Adverse reaction reports of animal vaccines in 2020].

Abstract: The aim of the vigilance system in Switzerland is the evaluation and classification of reported suspected adverse reactions of immunological veterinary medicines (IVMP), including suspected lack of expected efficacy. The Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI) is the competent authority for marketing authorizations of immunological veterinary medicinal products in Switzerland and responsible for the vaccinovigilance system. In 2020, 130 adverse reaction reports were received (5% less compared to 2019). The reports mainly concerned dogs (41%) and cats (25%) followed by cattle (18%) and horses (7%). Many of the reports in dogs involved the application of combined vaccines against canine distemper, hepatitis, parvovirosis and parainfluenza in combination with canine leptospira components, in cats against cat flu and feline panleukopenia in combination with feline leukaemia virus infection. Causality assessments were done according to the international ABON system. In 27% of the reported cases, the causality assessments between the vaccination and the reaction described were evaluated as being probable (ABON A), in 44% as possible (ABON B). Das Ziel des Vaccinovigilancemeldesystems ist die Erfassung und Klassifizierung von unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW) nach der Anwendung von immunologischen Tierarzneimitteln (TAM) in der Schweiz. Dazu zählt auch eine vermutete ungenügende Wirksamkeit von Impfstoffen. Als Zulassungsstelle für immunologische TAM ist die Impfstoffkontrolle des Instituts für Virologie und Immunologie (IVI) auch zuständig für das Vaccinovigilancemeldesystem. 130 UAW Meldungen zu zugelassenen immunologischen TAM wurden im Jahr 2020 erfasst (5% weniger als 2019). Am häufigsten betrafen die Meldungen Kleintiere: Hunde (41%) und Katzen (25%), gefolgt von Rindern (18%) und Pferden (7%). Beim Hund basierten die meisten UAW auf der Anwendung von Impfstoffen gegen Staupe, Hepatitis, Parvovirose und Parainfluenza in Kombination mit Leptospirose, bei der Katze waren es Impfstoffe gegen Katzenschnupfen und -seuche kombiniert mit Feliner Leukämievirusinfektion. Die Meldungen wurden gemäss dem internationalen ABON System klassifiziert. In 27% aller eingegangenen Fälle wurde ein kausaler Zusammenhang zwischen der Impfung und der Impfreaktion als wahrscheinlich (ABON A), in 44% als möglich (ABON B) beurteilt. L’objectif du système de vaccinovigilance en Suisse est l’évaluation et la classification des effets indésirables suspectés signalés en rapport à des médicaments vétérinaires immunologiques, y compris le manque présumé d’efficacité attendue. L’Institut de virologie et d’immunologie (IVI) est l’autorité compétente pour les autorisations de mise sur le marché des médicaments immunologiques vétérinaires en Suisse et est responsable du système de vaccinovigilance. En 2020, 130 déclarations d’effets indésirables ont été reçues (5% de moins par rapport à 2019). Les signalements concernaient principalement les chiens (41%) et les chats (25%) suivis des bovins (18%) et des chevaux (7%). Chez les chiens, ces annonces impliquaient principalement l’application de vaccins combinés contre la maladie de Carré, l’hépatite, la parvovirose et la parainfluenza en combinaison avec la leptospirose, chez les chats contre le coryza et la panleucopénie féline en association avec la leucose féline. Les évaluations de causalité ont été effectuées selon le système international ABON. Dans 27% des cas rapportés, les évaluations de causalité entre la vaccination et la réaction décrite ont été évaluées comme probables (ABON A), dans 44% comme possibles (ABON B). Lo scopo del sistema di notifica di vaccinovigilanza è di identificare e classificare le reazioni avverse di un farmaco che possono sorgere dopo l’uso di medicamenti veterinari (MVet) immunologici in Svizzera. Questo include anche il sospetto di un’insufficiente efficacia dei vaccini. L’Istituto di Virologia e Immunologia (IVI), in qualità di ufficio di omologazione dei Mvet immunologici, è responsabile anche del sistema di notifica di vaccinovigilanza. Nel 2020 sono state registrate 130 notifiche di Mvet immunologici omologati (5% in meno del 2019). Le notifiche riguardavano per la maggior parte piccoli animali: cani (41%) e gatti (25%), seguiti da bovini (18%) e cavalli (7%). Nei cani la maggioranza delle reazioni avverse erano conseguenti all’uso di vaccini contro cimurro, epatite, parvovirosi e parainfluenza in combinazione con la leptospirosi, nei gatti invece le reazioni avverse erano in relazione a vaccini contro la rinite felina e la gastroenterite felina combinata con l’infezione virale della leucemia felina. Le notifiche sono state classificate secondo il sistema internazionale ABON. Nel 27% dei casi inoltrati è stata considerata una relazione causale tra la vaccinazione e la risposta alla vaccinazione come probabile (ABON A), e nel 44% come possibile (ABON B).
Publication Date: 2021-09-02 PubMed ID: 34465558DOI: 10.17236/sat00312Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The Swiss Institute of Virology and Immunology received and evaluated reports of adverse reactions suspected to be caused by immunological veterinary medicines in 2020, majorly focused on pets and livestock. The most frequent reports involved application of certain vaccines on dogs and cats.

Objective of the Vaccinovigilance System

  • The main goal of Switzerland’s vaccinovigilance system, operated by the Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), is to evaluate and classify reported suspected adverse reactions resulting from immunological veterinary medicines.
  • These include cases where a lack of expected efficacy from veterinary vaccines is suspected.
  • Thus, the IVI is responsible for authorizing the marketing of immunological veterinary medical products in Switzerland, and it operates the vaccinovigilance system.

Adverse Reaction Reports in 2020

  • In 2020, the IVI received 130 adverse reaction reports, which was 5% less than the previous year – indicating a slight downward trend.
  • The majority of reports concerned adverse reactions in dogs (41%) and cats (25%), followed by cattle (18%) and horses (7%).
  • Specific vaccines implicated in dogs were against canine distemper, hepatitis, parvovirosis and parainfluenza in combination with components for canine leptospira. In cats, reports mostly involved vaccines against cat flu and feline panleukopenia, in combination with vaccines against feline leukaemia virus infection.

Causality Assessment

  • Causality assessments of these reports were performed according to the international ABON system, which is a structured evaluation system used to determine the causal relationship between immunization and the subsequent adverse event.
  • The system is based on criteria including temporal association, previously established links between the vaccine and the reaction, concurrence with known adverse events, and other necessary conditions.
  • Results showed that in 27% of the reported cases, the causality assessments between the vaccination and the reported reaction were evaluated as being probable (ABON A).
  • In 44% of cases, the causality between vaccination and the reported adverse reaction was considered possible (ABON B).

The study points out the continuous need for vaccinovigilance to identify, evaluate and manage the risks associated with veterinary vaccines to ensure the safety of animals and the effectiveness of veterinary immunization programs.

Cite This Article

APA
Zaugg I, Ottiger HP. (2021). [Vaccinovigilance: Adverse reaction reports of animal vaccines in 2020]. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd, 163(9), 545-552. https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00312

Publication

ISSN: 1664-2848
NlmUniqueID: 0424247
Country: Switzerland
Language: ger
Volume: 163
Issue: 9
Pages: 545-552

Researcher Affiliations

Zaugg, I
  • Impfstoffkontrolle, Institut für Virologie und Immunologie (IVI), Mittelhäusern.
Ottiger, H P
  • Impfstoffkontrolle, Institut für Virologie und Immunologie (IVI), Mittelhäusern.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Dogs
  • Horses
  • Switzerland
  • Vaccination / adverse effects
  • Vaccination / veterinary
  • Vaccines / adverse effects
  • Vaccines, Combined
  • Veterinary Drugs / adverse effects
  • Viral Vaccines / adverse effects

Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Hartmann K, Egberink H, Möstl K, Addie DD, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Frymus T, Lloret A, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Tasker S, Thiry E, Truyen U, Hosie MJ. Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma and Other Adverse Reactions to Vaccination in Cats. Viruses 2023 Aug 8;15(8).
    doi: 10.3390/v15081708pubmed: 37632050google scholar: lookup
  2. Chaurasia R, Salovey A, Guo X, Desir G, Vinetz JM. Vaccination With Leptospira interrogans PF07598 Gene Family-Encoded Virulence Modifying Proteins Protects Mice From Severe Leptospirosis and Reduces Bacterial Load in the Liver and Kidney. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022;12:926994.
    doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.926994pubmed: 35837473google scholar: lookup
  3. Meazzi S, Filipe J, Fiore A, Di Bella S, Mira F, Dall'Ara P. Agreement between In-Clinics and Virus Neutralization Tests in Detecting Antibodies against Canine Distemper Virus (CDV). Viruses 2022 Mar 3;14(3).
    doi: 10.3390/v14030517pubmed: 35336924google scholar: lookup