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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Vaginal Microbiota Is Stable throughout the Estrous Cycle in...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2020; 10(11); 2020; doi: 10.3390/ani10112020

Vaginal Microbiota Is Stable throughout the Estrous Cycle in Arabian Maress.

Abstract: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) dominate human vaginal microbiota and inhibit pathogen proliferation. In other mammals, LAB do not dominate vaginal microbiota, however shifts of dominant microorganisms occur during ovarian cycle. The study objectives were to characterize equine vaginal microbiota in mares by culture-dependent and independent methods and to describe its variation in estrus and diestrus. Vaginal swabs from 8 healthy adult Arabian mares were obtained in estrus and diestrus. For culture-dependent processing, bacteria were isolated on Columbia blood agar (BA) and Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar. LAB comprised only 2% of total bacterial isolates and were not related to ovarian phases. For culture-independent processing, V3/V4 variable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene were amplified and sequenced using Illumina Miseq. The diversity and composition of the vaginal microbiota did not change during the estrous cycle. Core equine vaginal microbiome consisted of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria at the phylum level. At the genus level it was defined by , uncultured and . comprised only 0.18% of the taxonomic composition in estrus and 0.37% in diestrus. No differences in the relative abundance of the most abundant phylum or genera were observed between estrus and diestrus samples.
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Publication Date: 2020-11-03 PubMed ID: 33153053PubMed Central: PMC7692283DOI: 10.3390/ani10112020Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper explores the stability of the vaginal microbiota in Arabian mares throughout their estrous cycle, revealing a consistent diversity and composition of bacterial strains, regardless of the horses’ reproductive state.

Research Objectives and Methods

  • The primary objectives of the study were to characterize the vaginal microbiota found in mares using both culture-dependent and independent methods and assess whether there were any changes in this microbiota between the two phases of the estrous cycle: the estrus and the diestrus.
  • The study involved taking vaginal swabs from eight healthy adult Arabian mares during estrus and diestrus stages. For culture-dependent processing, bacteria were isolated on Columbia blood agar (BA) and Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar, while for culture-independent processing, segments (V3/V4 variable regions) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of the bacteria were amplified and sequenced using Illumina Miseq.

Key Findings

  • Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), often dominant in the human vaginal microbiota, were found to comprise only 2% of the total bacterial isolates in equine mares and showed no correlation with the ovarian phase.
  • A core group of bacteria, identifiable in all the mares and consistent throughout the estrous cycle, was found to consist of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria at the phylum level. At the genus level, it was identified by Escherichia/Shigella, Apibacter, and Bacteroides, among others.
  • No significant variations were observed in the diversity and composition of the vaginal microbiota between estrus and diestrus phases.

Overall Implications

  • These findings highlight that unlike human vaginal microbiota, dominated by LAB, the equine vaginal microbiota is marked by the stable presence of other diverse groups of bacteria.
  • This intrinsic stability across the estrous cycle could indicate an evolutionarily developed system in horses to maintain a consistent internal environment, irrespective of the reproductive state.
  • The study also opens the door for potential further research on the consequences of any imbalances in this stable microbiota, their causes, and their implications on equine health.

Cite This Article

APA
Barba M, Martínez-Boví R, Quereda JJ, Mocé ML, Plaza-Dávila M, Jiménez-Trigos E, Gómez-Martín Á, González-Torres P, Carbonetto B, García-Roselló E. (2020). Vaginal Microbiota Is Stable throughout the Estrous Cycle in Arabian Maress. Animals (Basel), 10(11), 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10112020

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 11
PII: 2020

Researcher Affiliations

Barba, Marta
  • Research Group-Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBio), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
Martínez-Boví, Rebeca
  • Research Group-Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBio), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
Quereda, Juan José
  • Research Group-Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBio), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
Mocé, María Lorena
  • Research Group-Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBio), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
Plaza-Dávila, María
  • Research Group-Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBio), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
Jiménez-Trigos, Estrella
  • Research Group-Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBio), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
Gómez-Martín, Ángel
  • Research Group-Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBio), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
González-Torres, Pedro
  • Microomics Systems S.L, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Carbonetto, Belén
  • Microomics Systems S.L, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
García-Roselló, Empar
  • Research Group-Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBio), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.

Grant Funding

  • PRCEU-UCH 04/11 / Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera
  • RYC-2018-024985-I (J.J.Q) / Ramu00f3n y Cajal contract of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities
  • FUSP-Santander / Programa FUSP-Santander (to u00c1ngel Gu00f3mez)

Conflict of Interest Statement

Pedro Gonzalez-Torres and Belén Carbonetto were employed by the company Microomics Systems S.L. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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