Venezuelan equine encephalitis–Colombia, 1995.
Abstract: An outbreak of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) that began in northwestern Venezuela in April 1995 has spread westward to the Guajira peninsula and to Colombia (Figure 1), resulting in an estimated minimum of 13,000 cases in humans and an undetermined number of equine deaths. Governments of both countries have initiated efforts to control the spread of this outbreak by quarantining and vaccinating equines and applying insecticides. This report summarizes the ongoing investigation of the outbreak in Colombia.
Publication Date: 1995-10-06 PubMed ID: 7565549PubMed Central: PMC3324178
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Diagnosis
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Infectious Disease
- Mosquito-borne Diseases
- Public Health
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
- Virus
- Zoonotic Diseases
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This study reviews the Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) outbreak that emerged in northwestern Venezuela and spread to Colombia in 1995, examining the response and investigating methods to control the outbreak.
Overview of VEE Outbreak
- The research deals with an outbreak of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) which initially started in northwestern Venezuela in April 1995. The outbreak later spread west to the Guajira peninsula and into Colombia.
- According to the report, the outbreak resulted in an estimated minimum of 13,000 human cases and an undetermined number of equine deaths.
- Apart from presenting outbreak data, the study also shows how the governments of the affected areas quickly initiated measures to control the spread of the disease.
Control Measures Against VEE
- In response to the outbreak, governments took immediate actions that involved quarantining and vaccinating equines (horses, donkeys, and mules), which are the primary vectors of the disease.
- In addition, they also applied insecticides, as insects, especially mosquitoes, are critical in the transmission cycle of this virus.
Investigation of the Outbreak
- The article specifically outlines the continuous investigation of the outbreak in Colombia, though the exact details of the investigation were not provided in the abstract.
- The investigations are essential as they can provide valuable insights into the nature of the outbreak, the effectiveness of the control measures, and possible ways to prevent similar occurrences in the future.
Cite This Article
APA
(1995).
Venezuelan equine encephalitis–Colombia, 1995.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 44(39), 721-724.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Colombia / epidemiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / epidemiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / prevention & control
- Humans
Grant Funding
- R01 AI042795-01 / NIAID NIH HHS
References
This article includes 7 references
- Weaver SC, Bellew LA, Rico-Hesse R. Phylogenetic analysis of alphaviruses in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex and identification of the source of epizootic viruses.. Virology 1992 Nov;191(1):282-90.
- Walton TE, Grayson MA. Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis. In: Monath TP, editor. The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press; 1989. pp. 203–32.
- Rico-Hesse R, Weaver SC, de Siger J, Medina G, Salas RA. Emergence of a new epidemic/epizootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in South America.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995 Jun 6;92(12):5278-81.
- Kinney RM, Tsuchiya KR, Sneider JM, Trent DW. Genetic evidence that epizootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses may have evolved from enzootic VEE subtype I-D virus.. Virology 1992 Dec;191(2):569-80.
- Bowen GS, Calisher CH. Virological and serological studies of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis in humans.. J Clin Microbiol 1976 Jul;4(1):22-7.
- Rossi AL. Rural epidemic encephalitis in Venezuela caused by a group A arbovirus (VEE).. Prog Med Virol 1967;9:176-203.
- Sanmartín C, Mackenzie RB, Trapido H, Barreto P, Mullenax CH, Gutiérrez E, Lesmes C. [Venezuelan equine encephalitis in Colombia, 1967].. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 1973 Feb;74(2):108-37.
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Salimi H, Cain MD, Klein RS. Encephalitic Arboviruses: Emergence, Clinical Presentation, and Neuropathogenesis.. Neurotherapeutics 2016 Jul;13(3):514-34.
- Aguilar PV, Estrada-Franco JG, Navarro-Lopez R, Ferro C, Haddow AD, Weaver SC. Endemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in the Americas: hidden under the dengue umbrella.. Future Virol 2011;6(6):721-740.
- Vilcarromero S, Aguilar PV, Halsey ES, Laguna-Torres VA, Razuri H, Perez J, Valderrama Y, Gotuzzo E, Suarez L, Cespedes M, Kochel TJ. Venezuelan equine encephalitis and 2 human deaths, Peru.. Emerg Infect Dis 2010 Mar;16(3):553-6.
- Spotts DR, Reich RM, Kalkhan MA, Kinney RM, Roehrig JT. Resistance to alpha/beta interferons correlates with the epizootic and virulence potential of Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses and is determined by the 5' noncoding region and glycoproteins.. J Virol 1998 Dec;72(12):10286-91.
- . Update: Venezuelan equine encephalitis--Colombia, 1995.. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995 Oct 20;44(41):775-7.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
