Viraemia and abortions are not prevented by two commercial equine herpesvirus-1 vaccines after experimental challenge of horses.
Abstract: Eighteen horses, vaccinated on a number of occasions over a period of 12 to 20 months with either a live equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) or an inactivated EHV-1 vaccine, were challenged by the intranasal instillation of the subtype 1 virus isolated from the 1983 outbreak of abortion and paralytic disease at the Lipizzan Stud, Piber, Austria. The prechallenge serum titres of all vaccinated horses were remarkably low, although most horses had received their last vaccine dose only 3 weeks before test-infection. Higher titres were obtained with the inactivated product than with the live virus vaccine. However, no obvious differences were found between the two vaccines in their ability to prevent disease, in that all vaccinated and two 'sentinel' horses became infected and developed viraemia and some degree of clinical disease after challenge; five of the 10 in-foal mares aborted.
Publication Date: 1990-04-01 PubMed ID: 2163560DOI: 10.1080/01652176.1990.9694249Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research study investigates the efficacy of two commercial equine herpesvirus-1 vaccines in preventing viral infection and consequential abortions in horses following experimental exposure to the virus.
Methodology
- The study was conducted on eighteen horses which were vaccinated regularly over the span of 12 to 20 months with either a live equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) vaccine or an inactivated EHV-1 vaccine.
- The horses were then exposed to subtype 1 virus through intranasal instillation. This subtype was isolated from the 1983 outbreak of abortion and paralytic disease at the Lipizzan Stud in Piber, Austria.
- The serum titre level of all vaccinated horses prior to the virus exposure was remarkably low regardless of most horses having their last vaccine dose only 3 weeks before the experiment.
Findings
- It was discovered that the inactivated EHV-1 vaccine led to higher serum titre levels as compared to the live virus vaccine. The term ‘serum titre’ refers to the concentration of antibodies in the blood, a higher titre indicating a stronger immune response.
- The study found, however, that there was no significant difference in the ability of the two vaccines to prevent the disease.
- All vaccinated horses, as well as two ‘sentinel’ horses (those used as controls or to monitor the presence of a disease), developed viraemia (presence of the virus in the blood) and exhibited some degree of clinical disease following the viral challenge.
- Moreover, out of the 10 mares that were pregnant during the study, 5 experienced abortions following the viral exposure.
Conclusion
- Overall, the study suggested that both types of commercial equine herpesvirus-1 vaccines failed to prevent viraemia and abortive outcomes in horses following experimental exposure to the EHV-1 subtype 1 virus.
Cite This Article
APA
Bürki F, Rossmanith W, Nowotny N, Pallan C, Möstl K, Lussy H.
(1990).
Viraemia and abortions are not prevented by two commercial equine herpesvirus-1 vaccines after experimental challenge of horses.
Vet Q, 12(2), 80-86.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1990.9694249 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Institute of Virology, Veterinary University, Vienna, Austria.
MeSH Terms
- Abortion, Veterinary / prevention & control
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
- Female
- Herpesviridae / immunology
- Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Nasopharynx / microbiology
- Pregnancy
- Vaccination / veterinary
- Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
- Viremia / prevention & control
- Viremia / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Agerholm JS, Klas EM, Damborg P, Borel N, Pedersen HG, Christoffersen M. A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:740621.
- Pavulraj S, Eschke K, Theisen J, Westhoff S, Reimers G, Andreotti S, Osterrieder N, Azab W. Equine Herpesvirus Type 4 (EHV-4) Outbreak in Germany: Virological, Serological, and Molecular Investigations.. Pathogens 2021 Jun 25;10(7).
- Stasiak K, Dunowska M, Rola J. Outbreak of equid herpesvirus 1 abortions at the Arabian stud in Poland.. BMC Vet Res 2020 Oct 6;16(1):374.
- Kim SK, Shakya AK, O'Callaghan DJ. Intranasal treatment with CpG-B oligodeoxynucleotides protects CBA mice from lethal equine herpesvirus 1 challenge by an innate immune response.. Antiviral Res 2019 Sep;169:104546.
- Wimer CL, Schnabel CL, Perkins G, Babasyan S, Freer H, Stout AE, Rollins A, Osterrieder N, Goodman LB, Glaser A, Wagner B. The deletion of the ORF1 and ORF71 genes reduces virulence of the neuropathogenic EHV-1 strain Ab4 without compromising host immunity in horses.. PLoS One 2018;13(11):e0206679.
- Kim SK, Shakya AK, O'Callaghan DJ. Immunization with Attenuated Equine Herpesvirus 1 Strain KyA Induces Innate Immune Responses That Protect Mice from Lethal Challenge.. J Virol 2016 Sep 15;90(18):8090-104.
- Ma G, Feineis S, Osterrieder N, Van de Walle GR. Identification and characterization of equine herpesvirus type 1 pUL56 and its role in virus-induced downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I.. J Virol 2012 Apr;86(7):3554-63.
- Smith PM, Kahan SM, Rorex CB, von Einem J, Osterrieder N, O'Callaghan DJ. Expression of the full-length form of gp2 of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) completely restores respiratory virulence to the attenuated EHV-1 strain KyA in CBA mice.. J Virol 2005 Apr;79(8):5105-15.
- Smith PM, Zhang Y, Grafton WD, Jennings SR, O'Callaghan DJ. Severe murine lung immunopathology elicited by the pathogenic equine herpesvirus 1 strain RacL11 correlates with early production of macrophage inflammatory proteins 1alpha, 1beta, and 2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha.. J Virol 2000 Nov;74(21):10034-40.
- Smith PM, Zhang Y, Jennings SR, O'Callaghan DJ. Characterization of the cytolytic T-lymphocyte response to a candidate vaccine strain of equine herpesvirus 1 in CBA mice.. J Virol 1998 Jul;72(7):5366-72.
- Tewari D, Gibson JS, Slater JD, O'Neill T, Hannant D, Allen GP, Field HJ. Modulation of the serological response of specific pathogen-free (EHV-free) foals to EHV-1 by previous infection with EHV-4 or a TK-deletion mutant of EHV-1.. Arch Virol 1993;132(1-2):101-20.
- Allen G, Yeargan M, Costa LR, Cross R. Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in horses infected with equine herpesvirus 1.. J Virol 1995 Jan;69(1):606-12.
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