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Home / Equine Research Bank / Onderstepoort J Vet Res / Viruses isolated from Culicoides midges in South Africa duri...
The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research1979; 46(4); 191-198;

Viruses isolated from Culicoides midges in South Africa during unsuccessful attempts to isolate bovine ephemeral fever virus.

Abstract: Five viruses, unrelated to bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), were isolated from Culicoides biting-midges collected during the summer months of the years 1968-69 and 1969-70 near a cattle herd in which cases of BEF occurred and at an open horse stable at Onderstepoort. These viruses were investigated by means of serological, electron-microscopical and physicochemical tests. It was established that 2 isolates, Cul. 1/69 and Cul. 2/69, were related to each other and belonged to the Palyam subgroup of the genus Orbivirus, that isolate Cul. 3/69 belonged to the equine encephalosis subgroup of the genus Orbivirus, while Cul. 1/70 was related to Akabane virus, which belongs to the Simbu subgroup of the family Bunyaviridae. One isolate, Cul. 5/69, though prevalent in the cattle population, could not be identified at this point. A brief serological survey indicated that the cattle in the nearby herd possessed antibodies against all the isolates except Cul. 3/69. BEFV could not be isolated in mice or in cultured cells from the wild-caught Culicoides.
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Publication Date: 1979-12-01 PubMed ID: 551368
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on the identification of five viruses that were isolated from Culicoides midges in South Africa during investigations to isolate the bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV).

Objectives and Methods

  • The research was conducted during the summer months of the years 1968-69 and 1969-70 near a cattle herd where cases of BEF were occurring and at an open horse stable at Onderstepoort.
  • The team used serological, electron-microscopical, and physicochemical tests to investigate these viruses.
  • Researchers aimed to isolate the bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), a virus that affects cattle and is transmitted by Culicoides (biting midges).

Results and Findings

  • While the investigation to isolate the BEFV was not successful, it led to the discovery of five different viruses.
  • The researchers found that the two isolates, termed Cul. 1/69 and Cul. 2/69, were related to each other and belonged to the Palyam subgroup of the Orbivirus genus.
  • The third isolate, Cul. 3/69, was found to belong to the equine encephalosis subgroup of the Orbivirus genus.
  • The fourth isolate, Cul. 1/70, turned out to be related to the Akabane virus, which falls under the Simbu subgroup of the Bunyaviridae family.
  • The fifth isolate, Cul. 5/69, couldn’t be identified, though it was prevalent among the local cattle population.

Further Observations

  • A serological survey, a test to detect antibodies in the blood, revealed that the cattle in the nearby herd had antibodies against all the isolated viruses except for Cul. 3/69.
  • BOFV was not able to be isolated from the Culicoides, whether in mice or cultured cells.

Implications of the Study

  • These findings provide insights into viruses common in Culicoides that could infect cattle and horses.
  • The study also suggests that the viruses identified are circulating in the local cattle population, with the exception of Cul. 3/69.
  • Further research can help in determining solutions for preventing and treating these diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
Theodoridis A, Nevill EM, Els HJ, Boshoff ST. (1979). Viruses isolated from Culicoides midges in South Africa during unsuccessful attempts to isolate bovine ephemeral fever virus. Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 46(4), 191-198.

Publication

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research
ISSN: 0030-2465
NlmUniqueID: 0401107
Country: South Africa
Language: English
Volume: 46
Issue: 4
Pages: 191-198

Researcher Affiliations

Theodoridis, A
    Nevill, E M
      Els, H J
        Boshoff, S T

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Antigens, Viral / classification
          • Bunyamwera virus / immunology
          • Bunyamwera virus / isolation & purification
          • Bunyaviridae / isolation & purification
          • Cattle
          • Ceratopogonidae / microbiology
          • Complement Fixation Tests
          • Ephemeral Fever / microbiology
          • Insect Vectors / microbiology
          • Reoviridae / immunology
          • Reoviridae / isolation & purification

          Citations

          This article has been cited 10 times.
          1. Snyman J, Venter GJ, Venter M. An Investigation of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as Potential Vectors of Medically and Veterinary Important Arboviruses in South Africa.. Viruses 2021 Oct 1;13(10).
            doi: 10.3390/v13101978pubmed: 34696407google scholar: lookup
          2. Snyman J, Koekemoer O, van Schalkwyk A, Jansen van Vuren P, Snyman L, Williams J, Venter M. Epidemiology and Genomic Analysis of Equine Encephalosis Virus Detected in Horses with Clinical Signs in South Africa, 2010-2017.. Viruses 2021 Mar 2;13(3).
            doi: 10.3390/v13030398pubmed: 33801457google scholar: lookup
          3. Sick F, Beer M, Kampen H, Wernike K. Culicoides Biting Midges-Underestimated Vectors for Arboviruses of Public Health and Veterinary Importance.. Viruses 2019 Apr 24;11(4).
            doi: 10.3390/v11040376pubmed: 31022868google scholar: lookup
          4. Oluwayelu D, Wernike K, Adebiyi A, Cadmus S, Beer M. Neutralizing antibodies against Simbu serogroup viruses in cattle and sheep, Nigeria, 2012-2014.. BMC Vet Res 2018 Sep 10;14(1):277.
            doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1605-ypubmed: 30200958google scholar: lookup
          5. Oluwayelu D, Adebiyi A, Tomori O. Endemic and emerging arboviral diseases of livestock in Nigeria: a review.. Parasit Vectors 2018 Jun 7;11(1):337.
            doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2911-8pubmed: 29880024google scholar: lookup
          6. Oluwayelu DO, Aiki-Raji CO, Umeh EC, Mustapha SO, Adebiyi AI. Serological Investigation of Akabane Virus Infection in Cattle and Sheep in Nigeria.. Adv Virol 2016;2016:2936082.
            doi: 10.1155/2016/2936082pubmed: 26925103google scholar: lookup
          7. Grewar JD, Thompson PN, Lourens CW, Guthrie AJ. Equine encephalosis in Thoroughbred foals on a South African stud farm.. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2015 Sep 30;82(1):966.
            doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v82i1.966pubmed: 26842364google scholar: lookup
          8. Mathew C, Klevar S, Elbers AR, van der Poel WH, Kirkland PD, Godfroid J, Mdegela RH, Mwamengele G, Stokstad M. Detection of serum neutralizing antibodies to Simbu sero-group viruses in cattle in Tanzania.. BMC Vet Res 2015 Aug 15;11:208.
            doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0526-2pubmed: 26276442google scholar: lookup
          9. Veronesi E, Henstock M, Gubbins S, Batten C, Manley R, Barber J, Hoffmann B, Beer M, Attoui H, Mertens PP, Carpenter S. Implicating Culicoides biting midges as vectors of Schmallenberg virus using semi-quantitative RT-PCR.. PLoS One 2013;8(3):e57747.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057747pubmed: 23520481google scholar: lookup
          10. Davies FG, Jessett DM. A study of the host range and distribution of antibody to Akabane virus (genus bunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae) in Kenya.. J Hyg (Lond) 1985 Aug;95(1):191-6.
            doi: 10.1017/s0022172400062422pubmed: 4020110google scholar: lookup
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