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Biosensors & bioelectronics2025; 292; 118073; doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2025.118073

Wearable smart textile band for continuous equine health monitoring.

Abstract: Continuous physiological monitoring is well-established in human healthcare for early disease detection and management. However, translation of these technologies to large animals such as equines remains underdeveloped due to anatomical constraints, dense hair coat coverage, and requirements for unimpeded mobility. Equines, particularly racehorses, are prone to asthma and cardiovascular abnormalities, with nearly 80 % affected by mild to moderate asthma, impacting performance and long-term health. Despite the need for continuous monitoring, existing solutions require shaving hairs, often lack wireless functionality, and are impractical for long-term use, making real-world implementation challenging. Here, we introduce a non-invasive, wireless, and adjustable smart textile band specifically designed for equines, capable of continuous monitoring of respiratory activity, cardiac function, and movement without hair removal or behavioral restriction. This work fills a critical gap in equine health monitoring by translating established sensing modalities into a practical, long-term, and field-deployable platform. The device integrates multiple sensors within a flexible, size-adjustable textile structure, ensuring compatibility across equine body types. In vivo validations confirmed its accuracy and reliability across healthy and asthmatic equines, demonstrating versatile physiological monitoring. This innovation offers a scalable solution for veterinarians, trainers, and researchers, enabling real-time monitoring in clinical and field settings.
Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2025-10-10 PubMed ID: 41076872PubMed Central: PMC12571106DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2025.118073Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This research presents the development of a wearable smart textile band designed for continuous, non-invasive health monitoring in horses, particularly addressing challenges related to their anatomy and dense hair coverage.
  • The device enables real-time tracking of respiratory, cardiac, and movement parameters without restricting the animal’s mobility or requiring hair removal, providing a practical solution for equine health management.

Background and Motivation

  • Continuous physiological monitoring is well-established in human healthcare and is crucial for early disease detection and management.
  • Translation of these monitoring technologies to large animals, such as horses, is difficult due to:
    • Anatomical features that complicate sensor placement.
    • Dense hair coat that impedes sensor-skin contact and signal quality.
    • The need to maintain the horse’s natural mobility without causing discomfort or behavioral issues.
  • Equines, especially racehorses, commonly experience respiratory illnesses like mild to moderate asthma (affecting nearly 80% of such horses), along with cardiovascular abnormalities.
  • These health issues impact performance and long-term wellbeing, highlighting the need for effective continuous monitoring tools tailored to horses.

Limitations of Existing Solutions

  • Current equine monitoring devices often require shaving hair, which can be impractical and stressful for the animal.
  • Many existing solutions lack wireless capability, leading to restricted movement and limiting application to clinical settings only.
  • Short-term or cumbersome wearable devices are unsuitable for continuous, long-term monitoring in real-world, field conditions.

The Newly Developed Smart Textile Band

  • The study introduces a non-invasive, wireless, and adjustable band made from smart textile materials designed specifically for horses.
  • The band integrates multiple sensors capable of monitoring:
    • Respiratory activity — to track breathing patterns relevant to conditions like asthma.
    • Cardiac function — enabling heart rate and rhythm monitoring.
    • Movement — capturing locomotion and activity levels.
  • Key features of the device include:
    • Flexible textile structure that adapts to different equine body sizes.
    • Adjustment mechanisms to provide a good fit without compromising comfort or mobility.
    • Ability to operate without hair removal, preserving the horse’s natural state and making the device immediately field-compatible.
    • Wireless data transmission facilitating real-time monitoring and remote data collection by veterinarians, trainers, and researchers.

Validation and Testing

  • The smart textile band was tested in vivo on both healthy and asthmatic horses.
  • Results demonstrated:
    • Accurate and reliable measurement of respiratory and cardiac signals as well as movement data.
    • Good compatibility across various equine morphologies and coat densities.
    • Minimal impact on normal behavior and unrestricted mobility during monitoring sessions.

Implications and Applications

  • This innovation bridges a critical gap in equine health monitoring by:
    • Transforming established physiological sensing techniques used in humans to a practical and scalable format for horses.
    • Allowing for long-term, continuous, and real-world monitoring in both clinical and field environments.
  • Potential users include:
    • Veterinary professionals monitoring patient health.
    • Equine trainers tracking performance and detecting early signs of disease.
    • Research scientists studying equine physiology and disease.
  • Ultimately, this device enhances the ability to manage equine health proactively, improving welfare and athletic performance.

Cite This Article

APA
Park T, Hong S, Murray L, Lee J, Shah A, Mesa JC, Lee H, Couetil L, Lee CH. (2025). Wearable smart textile band for continuous equine health monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron, 292, 118073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2025.118073

Publication

Biosensors & bioelectronics
ISSN: 1873-4235
NlmUniqueID: 9001289
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 292
Pages: 118073
PII: S0956-5663(25)00949-2

Researcher Affiliations

Park, Taewoong
  • Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Hong, Seokkyoon
  • Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Murray, Laura
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Lee, Junsang
  • Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Shah, Ankit
  • Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Mesa, Juan C
  • Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Lee, Hyowon
  • Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Couetil, Laurent
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. Electronic address: couetill@purdue.edu.
Lee, Chi Hwan
  • Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. Electronic address: lee2270@purdue.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Wearable Electronic Devices / veterinary
  • Textiles
  • Biosensing Techniques / instrumentation
  • Asthma / veterinary
  • Asthma / diagnosis
  • Monitoring, Physiologic / instrumentation
  • Equipment Design
  • Wireless Technology / instrumentation
  • Monitoring, Ambulatory / instrumentation

Grant Funding

  • R21 EB034879 / NIBIB NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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