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Home / Equine Research Bank / EFSA J / Welfare of equidae during transport.
EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2022; 20(9); e07444; doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7444

Welfare of equidae during transport.

Abstract: In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of animal welfare legislation. This opinion deals with the protection of horses and donkeys during transport. While the opinion focuses primarily on road transport of horses, there are specific sections dealing with the transport of horses on roll-on-roll-off ferries, horses transported by air and the transport of donkeys. In addition, the opinion covers welfare concerns in relation to a specific scenario identified by the European Commission related to the transport of horses on long journeys to slaughterhouses. Current practices related to transport of horses during the different stages (preparation, loading and unloading, transit and the journey breaks) are described. Overall, 13 welfare consequences were identified as being highly relevant for the welfare of horses during transport based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: gastro-enteric disorders, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, isolation stress, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, respiratory disorders, resting problems, restriction of movement, sensory overstimulation and separation stress. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A variety of hazards were identified related to factors such as inexperienced/untrained handlers, lack of horse training, structural deficiencies of vehicles/facilities, poor driving skills/conditions, horse separation/regrouping, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions and poor husbandry practices. The opinion contains general and specific conclusions in relation to the different stages of transport. Recommendations to prevent hazards and correct or mitigate welfare consequences have been developed. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions within the means of transport and for space allowance. The development of welfare consequences over time was assessed in relation to maximum journey time.
© 2022 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA on behalf of the European Food Safety Authority.
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Publication Date: 2022-09-07 PubMed ID: 36092762PubMed Central: PMC9449990DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7444Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores the welfare of horses and donkeys during transportation, focusing primarily on road transport but also covering ferry and air transport, in the context of the European Commission’s evaluation of animal welfare legislation. The study identifies thirteen main welfare concerns related to transport. Moreover, several hazards that could affect equidae welfare are identified, with recommendations to prevent, correct, or mitigate these issues provided.

Overview of the Study

  • This study is part of the European Commission’s overarching appraisal of animal welfare legislation, specifically pertaining to the transportation of equine species like horses and donkeys.
  • The paper is mainly concerned with equine road transport, but also encompasses transfer via ferries and airplanes. Moreover, it discusses unique welfare issues tied to long journeys to slaughterhouses.
  • The research gives a comprehensive description of various stages of equine transport – preparation, loading and unloading, transit, and journey breaks.

Key Welfare Concerns

  • Thirteen primary welfare consequences were identified in the paper, assessed by severity, duration, and frequency of occurrence. These include gastro-enteric disorders, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, isolation stress, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, respiratory disorders, resting problems, restriction of movement, sensory overstimulation, and separation stress.
  • In addition to this, the paper discusses specific signs linked to these welfare issues in animals.

Hazards and Their Mitigation

  • The paper identifies a range of hazards that may negatively affect equine welfare during transportation. These include untrained handlers, lack of horse training, structural issues with transport vehicles or facilities, poor driving skills or conditions, horse separation or regrouping, unfavorable microclimatic and environmental conditions, and suboptimal husbandry practices.
  • In response to these identified hazards, the paper includes both general and specific suggestions for various stages of transport. These recommendations aim to prevent these risks and correct or mitigate any welfare consequences.
  • The authors also suggest establishment of quantitative thresholds for the transport vehicle’s microclimatic conditions and space allowance.

Long-term Consequences

  • The study assesses how welfare issues develop over time in relation to the length of the journey, providing crucial insights into the long-term effects of transport on equidae welfare.

Cite This Article

APA
Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Earley B, Edwards S, Faucitano L, Marti S, Miranda de La Lama GC, Costa LN, Thomsen PT, Ashe S, Mur L, Van der Stede Y, Herskin M. (2022). Welfare of equidae during transport. EFSA J, 20(9), e07444. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7444

Publication

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
ISSN: 1831-4732
NlmUniqueID: 101642076
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 20
Issue: 9
Pages: e07444

Researcher Affiliations

Nielsen, Søren Saxmose
    Alvarez, Julio
      Bicout, Dominique Joseph
        Calistri, Paolo
          Canali, Elisabetta
            Drewe, Julian Ashley
              Garin-Bastuji, Bruno
                Gonzales Rojas, Jose Luis
                  Gortázar Schmidt, Christian
                    Michel, Virginie
                      Miranda Chueca, Miguel Ángel
                        Padalino, Barbara
                          Pasquali, Paolo
                            Roberts, Helen Clare
                              Spoolder, Hans
                                Stahl, Karl
                                  Velarde, Antonio
                                    Viltrop, Arvo
                                      Winckler, Christoph
                                        Earley, Bernadette
                                          Edwards, Sandra
                                            Faucitano, Luigi
                                              Marti, Sonia
                                                Miranda de La Lama, Genaro C
                                                  Costa, Leonardo Nanni
                                                    Thomsen, Peter T
                                                      Ashe, Sean
                                                        Mur, Lina
                                                          Van der Stede, Yves
                                                            Herskin, Mette

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