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Home / Equine Research Bank / Pathogens / West Nile, Sindbis and Usutu Viruses: Evidence of Circulatio...
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2023; 12(3); 360; doi: 10.3390/pathogens12030360

West Nile, Sindbis and Usutu Viruses: Evidence of Circulation in Mosquitoes and Horses in Tunisia.

Abstract: Mosquito-borne diseases have a significant impact on humans and animals and this impact is exacerbated by environmental changes. However, in Tunisia, surveillance of the West Nile virus (WNV) is based solely on the surveillance of human neuroinvasive infections and no study has reported mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs), nor has there been any thorough serological investigation of anti-MBV antibodies in horses. This study therefore sought to investigate the presence of MBVs in Tunisia. Among tested mosquito pools, infections by WNV, Usutu virus (USUV), and Sindbis virus (SINV) were identified in . The serosurvey showed that 146 of 369 surveyed horses were positive for flavivirus antibodies using the cELISA test. The microsphere immunoassay (MIA) showed that 74 of 104 flavivirus cELISA-positive horses were positive for WNV, 8 were positive for USUV, 7 were positive for undetermined flaviviruses, and 2 were positive for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Virus neutralization tests and MIA results correlated well. This study is the first to report the detection of WNV, USUV and SINV in in Tunisia. Besides, it has shown that there is a significant circulation of WNV and USUV among horses, which is likely to cause future sporadic outbreaks. An integrated arbovirus surveillance system that includes entomological surveillance as an early alert system is of major epidemiological importance.
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Publication Date: 2023-02-21 PubMed ID: 36986282PubMed Central: PMC10056592DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030360Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about a study conducted in Tunisia which found out that mosquitoes and horses carry three viruses: West Nile, Sindbis, and Usutu. Until now, these diseases were believed to be restricted to human neuroinvasive infections in the region.

Research Objectives and Methodology

  • The research was aimed at investigating the presence of mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs) in Tunisia, as previously, their monitoring relied only on tracking human infections and not on the actual carriers of these diseases – mosquitoes and horses.
  • For the purpose of this study, researchers performed a serological investigation, which means they examined the blood serum of the tested subjects looking for indicators of such infections – anti-MBV antibodies.

Research Findings

  • The tests were run on collected mosquito pools and indicated infections by West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), and Sindbis virus (SINV).
  • Out of 369 surveyed horses, 146 showed positive results for flavivirus antibodies using the competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (cELISA) test.
  • The microsphere immunoassay (MIA) indicated that 74 out of the 104 flavivirus cELISA-positive horses were positive for WNV, 8 were positive for USUV, 7 were positive for undetermined flaviviruses, and 2 were positive for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV).
  • Researchers noted a good correlation between the virus neutralization tests and MIA results.

Significance of the Study

  • These findings, while alarming, make a crucial contribution to the understanding of the circulation and prevalence of these diseases in Tunisia.
  • This is the first study to report the detection of WNV, USUV, and SINV among mosquitoes and horses in Tunisia.
  • It points towards the existence of a significant circulation of WNV and USUV among horses, which can potentially lead to sporadic outbreaks in the future.
  • The researchers emphasize the need for an integrated arbovirus surveillance system for both mosquitoes and horses as it can serve as an early warning system and thereby contribute significantly to regional epidemiology.

Cite This Article

APA
M'ghirbi Y, Mousson L, Moutailler S, Lecollinet S, Amaral R, Beck C, Aounallah H, Amara M, Chabchoub A, Rhim A, Failloux AB, Bouattour A. (2023). West Nile, Sindbis and Usutu Viruses: Evidence of Circulation in Mosquitoes and Horses in Tunisia. Pathogens, 12(3), 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030360

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
PII: 360

Researcher Affiliations

M'ghirbi, Youmna
  • Laboratoire Des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.
Mousson, Laurence
  • Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France.
Moutailler, Sara
  • UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Lecollinet, Sylvie
  • ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Amaral, Rayane
  • ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Beck, Cécile
  • ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Aounallah, Hajer
  • Laboratoire Des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.
Amara, Meriem
  • Laboratoire Des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.
Chabchoub, Ahmed
  • Laboratoire Des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.
  • National School of Veterinary Medicine, Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, La Manouba 2010, Tunisia.
Rhim, Adel
  • Laboratoire Des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.
Failloux, Anna-Bella
  • Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France.
Bouattour, Ali
  • Laboratoire Des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.

Grant Funding

  • EnvironMos / Institut Pasteur de Tunis

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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