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Home / Equine Research Bank / Microorganisms / West Nile Virus in the State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil...
Microorganisms2021; 9(8); 1699; doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9081699

West Nile Virus in the State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil.

Abstract: In June 2019, a horse with neurological disorder was diagnosed with West Nile virus (WNV) in Boa Viagem, a municipality in the state of Ceará, northeast Brazil. A multi-institutional task force coordinated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health was deployed to the area for case investigation. A total of 513 biological samples from 78 humans, 157 domestic animals and 278 free-ranging wild birds, as well as 853 adult mosquitoes of 22 species were tested for WNV by highly specific serological and/or molecular tests. No active circulation of WNV was detected in vertebrates or mosquitoes by molecular methods. Previous exposure to WNV was confirmed by seroconversion in domestic birds and by the detection of specific neutralizing antibodies in 44% (11/25) of equids, 20.9% (14/67) of domestic birds, 4.7% (13/278) of free-ranging wild birds, 2.6% (2/78) of humans, and 1.5% (1/65) of small ruminants. Results indicate that not only equines but also humans and different species of domestic animals and wild birds were locally exposed to WNV. The detection of neutralizing antibodies for WNV in free-ranging individuals of abundant passerine species suggests that birds commonly found in the region may have been involved as amplifying hosts in local transmission cycles of WNV.
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Publication Date: 2021-08-10 PubMed ID: 34442778PubMed Central: PMC8401605DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081699Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper reports on an investigation into the prevalence of West Nile Virus (WNV) amongst various species in an area of northeast Brazil, following the diagnosis of the virus in a horse. The study found evidence of previous exposure to WNV in a variety of species including domestic birds and equids, wild birds, some humans, and small ruminants.

Research Methodology

  • The study was initiated in response to a horse diagnosed with WNV in Boa Viagem, a municipality in the state of Ceará, northeast Brazil.
  • The investigation was carried out by a multi-institutional task force coordinated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health.
  • The team collected a large volume of biological samples including from 78 humans, 157 domestic animals, 278 free-ranging wild birds, and 853 adult mosquitoes of 22 different species.
  • These samples were tested for WNV through a combination of highly specific serological (antibody-related) and/or molecular tests.

Research Findings

  • No active circulation of WNV was found in vertebrates or mosquitoes through the molecular methods used in the study.
  • However, the presence of WNV-neutralizing antibodies indicated that many species had previously been exposed to the virus.
  • 44% of equids (a family of animals that includes horses and donkeys), 20.9% of domestic birds, 4.7% of the wild birds, 2.6% of the human samples, and 1.5% of small ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats) were found to have specific neutralizing antibodies for WNV.
  • These findings suggest that a wide range of species, not just horses as originally spurred the study, had been exposed to WNV in the area.

Implications and Significance

  • The finding indicates that WNV is not contained to one type of species and has a wider circulation amongst animals and humans in the region, implying a potential public health concern.
  • Importantly, the finding of neutralizing WNV antibodies in common wild bird species implies that these birds might serve as “amplifying hosts,” spreading the WNV through local transmission cycles.
  • The study helps to improve the understanding of the spread and prevalence of WNV and can assist in developing appropriate control measures and public health strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Löwen Levy Chalhoub F, Maia de Queiroz-Júnior E, Holanda Duarte B, Eielson Pinheiro de Sá M, Cerqueira Lima P, Carneiro de Oliveira A, Medeiros Neves Casseb L, Leal das Chagas L, Antônio de Oliveira Monteiro H, Sebastião Alberto Santos Neves M, Facundo Chaves C, Jean da Silva Moura P, Machado Rapello do Nascimento A, Giesbrecht Pinheiro R, Roberio Soares Vieira A, Bergson Pinheiro Moura F, Osvaldo Rodrigues da Silva L, Nogueira Farias da Escóssia K, Caranha de Sousa L, Leticia Cavalcante Ramalho I, Williams Lopes da Silva A, Maria Simōes Mello L, Felix de Souza F, das Chagas Almeida F, Dos Santos Rodrigues R, do Vale Chagas D, Ferreira-de-Brito A, Ribeiro Leite Jardim Cavalcante K, Angélica Monteiro de Mello Mares-Guia M, Martins Guerra Campos V, Rodrigues da Costa Faria N, Adriano da Cunha E Silva Vieira M, Cesar Lima de Mendonça M, Camila Amorim de Alvarenga Pivisan N, de Oliveira Moreno J, Aldessandra Diniz Vieira M, Gonçalves de Aguiar Gomes R, Montenegro de Carvalho Araújo F, Henrique de Oliveira Passos P, Garkauskas Ramos D, Pecego Martins Romano A, Carício Martins L, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Maria Bispo de Filippis A, Pauvolid-Corrêa A. (2021). West Nile Virus in the State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil. Microorganisms, 9(8), 1699. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081699

Publication

Microorganisms
ISSN: 2076-2607
NlmUniqueID: 101625893
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 8
PII: 1699

Researcher Affiliations

Löwen Levy Chalhoub, Flávia
  • Laboratório de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
Maia de Queiroz-Júnior, Eudson
  • Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Ceará (ADAGRI), Fortaleza, CE 60811-520, Brazil.
Holanda Duarte, Bruna
  • Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil.
Eielson Pinheiro de Sá, Marcos
  • Departamento de Serviços Técnicos, Secretaria de Defesa Agropecuária, Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), Brasília, DF 70043-900, Brazil.
Cerqueira Lima, Pedro
  • Fundação BioBrasil, Ituberá, BA 45435-000, Brazil.
Carneiro de Oliveira, Ailton
  • Centro Nacional de Pesquisa para Conservação das Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA), Cabedelo, PB 58108-012, Brazil.
Medeiros Neves Casseb, Lívia
  • Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), MS, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil.
Leal das Chagas, Liliane
  • Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), MS, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil.
Antônio de Oliveira Monteiro, Hamilton
  • Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), MS, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil.
Sebastião Alberto Santos Neves, Maycon
  • Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Fiocruz, MS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
Facundo Chaves, Cyro
  • Autonomous Veterinarian, Boa Viagem, CE 63870-000, Brazil.
Jean da Silva Moura, Paulo
  • Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Boa Viagem (SMS-Boa Viagem), Boa Viagem, CE 63870-000, Brazil.
Machado Rapello do Nascimento, Aline
  • Coordenação-Geral de Vigilância das Arboviroses (CGARB), Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis (DEIDT), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), MS, Brasília, DF 70058-900, Brazil.
Giesbrecht Pinheiro, Rodrigo
  • Coordenação-Geral de Vigilância das Arboviroses (CGARB), Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis (DEIDT), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), MS, Brasília, DF 70058-900, Brazil.
Roberio Soares Vieira, Antonio
  • Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil.
Bergson Pinheiro Moura, Francisco
  • Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil.
Osvaldo Rodrigues da Silva, Luiz
  • Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil.
Nogueira Farias da Escóssia, Kiliana
  • Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil.
Caranha de Sousa, Lindenberg
  • Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil.
Leticia Cavalcante Ramalho, Izabel
  • Laboratório Central do Estado do Ceará (LACEN-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60120-002, Brazil.
Williams Lopes da Silva, Antônio
  • Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Ceará (ADAGRI), Fortaleza, CE 60811-520, Brazil.
Maria Simōes Mello, Leda
  • Laboratório Central do Estado do Ceará (LACEN-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60120-002, Brazil.
Felix de Souza, Fábio
  • Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Boa Viagem (SMS-Boa Viagem), Boa Viagem, CE 63870-000, Brazil.
das Chagas Almeida, Francisco
  • Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Boa Viagem (SMS-Boa Viagem), Boa Viagem, CE 63870-000, Brazil.
Dos Santos Rodrigues, Raí
  • Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Boa Viagem (SMS-Boa Viagem), Boa Viagem, CE 63870-000, Brazil.
do Vale Chagas, Diego
  • Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Boa Viagem (SMS-Boa Viagem), Boa Viagem, CE 63870-000, Brazil.
Ferreira-de-Brito, Anielly
  • Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Fiocruz, MS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
Ribeiro Leite Jardim Cavalcante, Karina
  • Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública (CGLAB), MS, Brasília, DF 70723-040, Brazil.
Angélica Monteiro de Mello Mares-Guia, Maria
  • Laboratório de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
Martins Guerra Campos, Vinícius
  • Laboratório de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
Rodrigues da Costa Faria, Nieli
  • Laboratório de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
Adriano da Cunha E Silva Vieira, Marcelo
  • Coordenação-Geral de Vigilância das Arboviroses (CGARB), Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis (DEIDT), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), MS, Brasília, DF 70058-900, Brazil.
  • Coordenação de Epidemiologia, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64018-000, Brazil.
Cesar Lima de Mendonça, Marcos
  • Laboratório de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
Camila Amorim de Alvarenga Pivisan, Nayara
  • Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil.
de Oliveira Moreno, Jarier
  • Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Ceará (ADAGRI), Fortaleza, CE 60811-520, Brazil.
Aldessandra Diniz Vieira, Maria
  • Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Boa Viagem (SMS-Boa Viagem), Boa Viagem, CE 63870-000, Brazil.
Gonçalves de Aguiar Gomes, Ricristhi
  • Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil.
Montenegro de Carvalho Araújo, Fernanda
  • Laboratório Central do Estado do Ceará (LACEN-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60120-002, Brazil.
Henrique de Oliveira Passos, Pedro
  • Coordenação-Geral de Vigilância das Arboviroses (CGARB), Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis (DEIDT), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), MS, Brasília, DF 70058-900, Brazil.
Garkauskas Ramos, Daniel
  • Coordenação-Geral de Vigilância das Arboviroses (CGARB), Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis (DEIDT), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), MS, Brasília, DF 70058-900, Brazil.
Pecego Martins Romano, Alessandro
  • Coordenação-Geral de Vigilância das Arboviroses (CGARB), Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis (DEIDT), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), MS, Brasília, DF 70058-900, Brazil.
Carício Martins, Lívia
  • Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), MS, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil.
Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Ricardo
  • Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Fiocruz, MS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
Maria Bispo de Filippis, Ana
  • Laboratório de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
Pauvolid-Corrêa, Alex
  • Laboratório de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
  • Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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