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Home / Equine Research Bank / Viruses / Zoonotic RVA: State of the Art and Distribution in the Anima...
Viruses2022; 14(11); 2554; doi: 10.3390/v14112554

Zoonotic RVA: State of the Art and Distribution in the Animal World.

Abstract: Rotavirus species A (RVA) is a pathogen mainly affecting children under five years old and young animals. The infection produces acute diarrhea in its hosts and, in intensively reared livestock animals, can cause severe economic losses. In this study, we analyzed all RVA genomic constellations described in animal hosts. This review included animal RVA strains in humans. We compiled detection methods, hosts, genotypes and complete genomes. RVA was described in 86 animal species, with 52% (45/86) described by serology, microscopy or the hybridization method; however, strain sequences were not described. All of these reports were carried out between 1980 and 1990. In 48% (41/86) of them, 9251 strain sequences were reported, with 28% being porcine, 27% bovine, 12% equine and 33% from several other animal species. Genomic constellations were performed in 80% (32/40) of hosts. Typical constellation patterns were observed in groups such as birds, domestic animals and artiodactyls. The analysis of the constellations showed RVA's capacity to infect a broad range of species, because there are RVA genotypes (even entire constellations) from animal species which were described in other studies. This suggests that this virus could generate highly virulent variants through gene reassortments and that these strains could be transmitted to humans as a zoonotic disease, making future surveillance necessary for the prevention of future outbreaks.
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Publication Date: 2022-11-18 PubMed ID: 36423163PubMed Central: PMC9694813DOI: 10.3390/v14112554Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This article explores Rotavirus A (RVA), a highly infectious pathogen that can cause severe diarrhea in children under five and young livestock animals, leading to potentially huge economic losses. Through comprehensive research of RVA strains in humans and animals, the study underscores the virus’ ability to infect a wide array of species, pointing to its potential for generating highly virulent strains through gene reassortments and causing zoonotic disease in humans.

Examination of RVA in Animal Hosts

  • The study took an analytical approach to all documented RVA genomic constellations in animal hosts, including RVA strains observed in humans.
  • It compiled a wide array of information including detection methods, host species, genotype classifications, and complete viral genomes.
  • From their investigations, researchers found that RVA had been reported in a total of 86 different animal species.

Chronological Overview of RVA Research

  • Over half of these detections (approximately 52%) were made using serology, microscopy, or the hybridization method between 1980 and 1990, though these did not include any strain sequencing.
  • The remaining 48%, representing 41 animal species out of the 86 total species recorded, involved 9251 separate strain sequences.
  • Breakdowns of this strain sequencing demonstrated that 28% were porcine, 27% were bovine, 12% were equine, and the final 33% were attributed to various other animal species.

Genomic Constellation Patterns

  • Genomic constellations, or the arrangement of genes within the virus, were conducted in 80% (32/40) of hosts.
  • Certain trends in constellation patterns emerged within certain groups, such as birds, domestic animals, and artiodactyls (mammals with hooves).
  • These patterns shed light on RVA’s ability to infect a wide variety of animal species.

Potential for Zoonotic Disease

  • The study suggests that the genetic diversity of RVA across species implies the potential of the virus to generate highly virulent variants through the process of gene reassortment.
  • This further indicates that these new, potentially more dangerous strains have the potential to cross species barriers, resulting in zoonotic diseases that could be passed to humans.
  • Therefore, the authors stress the importance of continued surveillance in preventing future outbreaks.

Cite This Article

APA
(2022). Zoonotic RVA: State of the Art and Distribution in the Animal World. Viruses, 14(11), 2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14112554

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 11
PII: 2554

Researcher Affiliations

MeSH Terms

  • Child
  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Horses
  • Swine
  • Humans
  • Child, Preschool
  • Rotavirus Infections
  • Genome, Viral
  • Phylogeny
  • Rotavirus / genetics
  • Artiodactyla

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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