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Equine veterinary journal.
Publisher:
Equine Veterinary Journal, Ltd. Hobokken, NJ : Wiley (2009)
Frequency: 8 issues per year, 2009-
Country: United States
Language: English
Author(s):
British Equine Veterinary Association.
Start Year:1968 -
ISSN:
0425-1644 (Print)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
Impact Factor
2.2
2022
| NLM ID: | 173320 |
| (DNLM): | E11740000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 01568146 |
| Coden: | EQVJAI |
| LCCN: | sn 83005310 |
| Classification: | W1 EQ967 |
Effect of copper supplementation on copper status of pregnant mares and foals. Pregnant Thoroughbred mares (n = 21) were grazed on tall fescue pasture containing 4.4-8.6 mg Cu/kg dry matter (DM). Twelve mares were supplemented with approximately 0.5 mg Cu/kg liveweight (LW)/day as copper sulphate for the final 13-25 weeks gestation. Plasma copper concentration declined during the third trimester for all mares and was not affected by copper supplementation. Liver copper concentration of mares and foals was determined when the foals were 4-10-days-old. Copper supplementation of the mares tended to increase mare liver copper concentration (P<0.08) and increased foal live...
Electromyographic activity of the long digital extensor muscle in the exercising Thoroughbred horse. Surface electrodes were used to record electromyographic (EMG) activity of the long digital extensor muscle on the right hindlimb of 8 Thoroughbred horses for 8 s at the walk and 8 s at the trot before (unfatigued) and after (fatigued) an exercise test. The exercise test was performed on a motorised treadmill set on a 10% grade. Each test started at a speed of 6 m/s which was increased by 1 m/s each minute until the horse fatigued as indicated by its inability to keep pace with the treadmill with minimal encouragement. Observations were made on the horses prior to conditioning (untrained state...
Epiglottic retroversion as a cause of upper airway obstruction in two horses. Many disorders of the upper respiratory tract which cause severe
respiratory compromise and poor performance have been
described in the equine athlete (Williams et al. 1990; Morris 1991;
King et al. 1994). Until recently, the diagnosis of upper respiratory
tract dysfunction was based on observations made during resting
endoscopic examination; and conclusions regarding the extent and
exact nature of the dysfunction during exercise were often
inaccurate. This report describes 2 horses presented to the George
D. Widener Hospital in which no significant abnormalities were
noted during res...
Gross, histological and histomorphometric features of the navicular bone and related structures in the horse. Forelimb navicular bones and associated soft tissues were collected from 3 groups of horses and subjected to pathological examinations. The groups consisted of 38 horses with clinical navicular disease (ND) and 2 control groups, with no history of forelimb lameness, consisting of 25 age-matched mature horses (A-MC) and 9 immature horses (IC). Histological and histomorphometric studies were performed on tissue samples from 10 ND, 10 A-MC and 5 IC horses. Gross changes seen only in ND horses included: full thickness defects in the palmar surface fibrocartilage, palmar cortex erosion, medullary l...
Impact of mixed strongyle infections in foals after one month on pasture. Twelve Standardbred foals (age 3-6 months), with little previous exposure to parasites, were allocated to 2 groups and put onto pasture with low (Group L) or high (Group H) levels of larval contamination of large strongyles and cyathostomes. After 4 weeks grazing in September, the foals were housed indoors until necropsy 15 weeks later. Foals in Group H became clinically more affected than those of Group L in that they showed loss of vigour, weight gain depression, intermittent soft faeces and inappetence. One foal of Group H had persistent diarrhoea and was subjected to euthanasia 12 weeks af...
Quantitative assessment of motor neuron loss in equine motor neuron disease (EMND). The mean number of motor neurons was assessed in the C7 spinal cord segment of 5 EMND and 5 control horses. Mean number per section in EMND horses was reduced significantly (P<0.001). The mean neuronal loss was estimated at 31%. Each of the 5 affected horses had a mean neuronal count below the 95% confidence interval for control horses. The statistically significant difference between the 2 groups was consistent in the cranial, middle and caudal thirds of the C7 segment (P<0.001). The results of regression analysis indicated an association between neuronal reduction in EMND horses and th...
Effect of copper supplementation on the evidence of developmental orthopaedic disease in pasture-fed New Zealand Thoroughbreds. The effect of copper status on the evidence of bone and cartilage lesions was investigated in 21 Thoroughbred foals. The foals and their dams were grazed on pasture containing 4.4-8.6 mg Cu/kg dry matter (DM). Four treatment groups were created by randomly allocating mares and their foals to either copper supplemented (0.5 mg Cu/kg liveweight (LW)/day), or control (pasture only) groups. This experimental design allowed the effect of copper supplementation of mare and foal to be examined independently. Parameters of bone and cartilage development were assessed in the foals both in vivo, and at ...
Reconstruction of the jugular vein in horses with post thrombophlebitis stenosis using saphenous vein graft. A surgical technique is described in which a saphenous vein graft is used to reconstruct the jugular vein in horses with facial oedema due to post thrombophlebitic stenosis of the jugular vein. The saphenous vein was harvested from the contralateral limb and implanted in the occluded vein by 2 side-to-end anastomoses. Intra- and post operatively anticoagulative medication was administered. In 2 out of 3 patients the reconstruction resulted in a permanent patent graft and resolution of the facial oedema. In one patient the graft thrombosed.
Effect of copper supplementation on the copper status of pasture-fed young Thoroughbreds. The effect of copper supplementation of pasture fed mares and foals on the copper status of the foals, in terms of plasma, soft tissue and bone copper concentrations and caeruloplasmin activity, was investigated. Twenty-one Thoroughbred foals from either control mares (n = 9), or copper-supplemented mares (n = 12) were divided randomly into control (pasture only, n = 10) or supplemented (pasture and oral copper sulphate, n = 11) groups. The pasture diet was grazed by all animals, and contained 4.4-8.6 mg Cu/kg dry matter (DM). The copper supplement for the mares contained copper sulphate equiv...
Fluid administration attenuates the haemodynamic effect of frusemide in running horses. The effect of blood volume repletion after frusemide administration on the right atrial and pulmonary artery pressure responses of horses to exercise has not been reported. We examined right atrial and pulmonary artery pressure and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration (ANP) responses to an incremental exercise test in 6 Standardbred mares. Horses were treated, in a 3 way cross over design, with isotonic saline, frusemide (1 mg/kg bwt, i.v.), and frusemide followed 3 h later by lactated Ringer's solution (12 ml/kg bwt, i.v.). Three and a half hours after saline or frusemide administr...
Tapeworm infection is a significant risk factor for spasmodic colic and ileal impaction colic in the horse. The association between the equine intestinal tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata and specific types of intestinal disease was investigated by matched case-control study using coprological and serological diagnosis. We have previously shown that the host IgG(T) response to 12/13 kDa antigens of A. perfoliata correlates well with infection intensity, therefore this antibody response was used to investigate the risk of colic at different levels of parasite infection intensity. One hundred and three spasmodic colic cases with an equal number of controls matched for age, breed and gender, and 20 ile...
Cortisol, peptides and catecholamines in cerebrospinal fluid, pituitary effluent and peripheral blood of ponies. Cannulation of the pituitary effluent in horses is a useful method for investigating the release of pituitary hormones in loco (Irvine and Alexander 1987). Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and arginine vasopression (AVP) concentrations in plasma collected from the intercavemous sinus, which receives all the pituitary outflow, were several times greater than those measured in peripheral plasma (Redekopp et at 1986). However, no studies evaluating the pituitary contribution to endogenous opioid secretion have been reported in the equine species. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) directly reflects CNS ...
Measurement of cardiac function by transthoracic echocardiography: day to day variability and repeatability in normal Thoroughbred horses. In order to assess the reliability and repeatability of transthoracic echocardiography for detecting serial changes in cardiac function in horses, day to day variability of a number of echocardiographic indices of ventricular function were studied. The variables investigated were, from 2-dimensional (2-D) and M-mode echocardiography - aortic diameter in systole (Aos), pulmonary artery diameter in systole (Pas), left ventricular internal diameter in systole (LLVIDs) and diastole (LLVIDd), and left ventricular fractional shortening (%FS) and estimated ejection fraction (EF). From pulsed Doppler ...
Plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine constricts equine digital blood vessels in vitro: implications for pathogenesis of acute laminitis. Cumulative concentration response curves to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; 10(-10)-10(-4) mol/l) were constructed using isolated rings of equine digital, facial, tail and coronary arteries (endothelium intact). 5-HT was 17.7 and 41 times more potent as a vasoconstrictor of digital arteries than facial and tail arteries respectively. Removal of the endothelium increased the vasoconstrictor potency of 5-HT in the facial artery by 3.7-fold (P<0.05) but did not alter the sensitivity of digital arteries to 5-HT. Coronary arteries failed to contract to 5-HT. Coronary arteries pre-contracted with U440...
Cardiopulmonary changes associated with abdominal insufflation of carbon dioxide in mechanically ventilated, dorsally recumbent, halothane anaesthetised horses. The use of laparoscopy for the diagnosis or therapeutic management of abdominal disease in the horse has distinct advantages when it allows the horse to remain standing. However, distending the abdomen by insufflation of a biologically active gas in an anaesthetised horse may add to the physiological challenge of general anaesthesia and recumbency. The cardiopulmonary responses to abdominal insufflation with carbon dioxide (CO2) to 15 mmHg pressure were evaluated in 6 horses in dorsal recumbency anaesthetised with halothane in oxygen and subjected to laparoscopic colopexy. Vaporiser settings t...
Effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate on respiratory function in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The effects of beclomethasone dipropionate on pulmonary function and arterial blood gas values were investigated in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Six mature mares, diagnosed as having COPD based on clinical signs, cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage and pulmonary function testing, were used. Beclomethasone dipropionate (3750 microg) was administered b.i.d. for a 2 week period with a metered dose inhaler using a mask. Pulmonary function tests and arterial blood gas analyses were performed at weekly intervals, starting before beclomethasone administratio...
Equine ulcerative keratomycosis: visual outcome and ocular survival in 39 cases (1987-1996). The medical records of 39 horses treated for ulcerative keratomycosis over a 10 year period were reviewed. Records were evaluated to determine the medical and/or surgical treatment protocol, visual outcome, globe survival and whether the outcome was influenced by the fungal species isolated. Stromal abscesses and iris prolapses caused by fungi were not included. Twenty of the horses underwent medical treatment only, and 19 horses had combined medical and surgical treatment. Most horses had been treated with topical antibiotics (n = 32) and atropine sulphate (n = 23) prior to referral; topical ...
Inhibin secretion in the stallion. To examine the physiological role of inhibin in the stallion, a heterologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) based on a bovine RIA was validated and used to measure immunoreactive (ir)-inhibin concentrations in plasma and testicular homogenates. The bioactivity of equine testicular inhibin was also examined using an assay for suppression of FSH secretion from rat anterior pituitary cells. In addition, to identify the cell responsible for secreting testicular inhibin, the localisation of inhibin in the testis was investigated by an immunohistochemical method using a polyclonal antibody against (Tyr30)-p...
Laparoscopic intra-abdominal ligation and removal of cryptorchid testes in horses. Laparoscopic intra-abdominal ligation and removal of cryptorchid testes in horses was evaluated retrospectively in 50 horses that underwent the procedure between 1991 and 1996. Sixty-one cryptorchid testes were removed by one of the following methods; the use of 1) an endoscoping stapling and transection device, 2) an endoscopic clipping device, 3) an endoscopic ligating loop. Monopolar electrosurgery was combined with these methods to facilitate coagulation and cutting of tissue. In 8 horses, 9 testes were retained between the internal and external inguinal rings. The inguinal testes were rem...
Environmental control to maintain stabled COPD horses in clinical remission: effects on pulmonary function. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that stabled COPD horses can be maintained in clinical remission by replacing hay by grass silage and bedding made of wood shavings (Period B) and of wheat straw (Period C) during 6 weeks, respectively. At the end of these different periods, the pulmonary function of the horses was assessed by mechanics of breathing and arterial blood analyses. These results were compared to those measured in clinical remission obtained after 2 months in pasture (Period A). No significant difference was observed between these 3 periods neither to values ob...
Pulmonary vascular pressures of strenuously exercising Thoroughbred horses after administration of phenylbutazone and frusemide. The present study was carried out to examine the effects of phenylbutazone treatment on the pulmonary haemodynamic effects of frusemide in strenuously exercising horses. Using catheter mounted manometers, whose in vivo signals were referenced at the point of the shoulder, heart rate, right atrial, right ventricular and pulmonary vascular pressures were measured in 3 different sets of experiments. Seven Thoroughbreds were subjected to 1) control (no medications), 2) frusemide control and 3) phenylbutazone + frusemide. The experiments were carried out in random order and were separated by 7 days...
Behavioural changes in stabled horses given nontherapeutic levels of virginiamycin. Abnormal behaviour commonly develops in intensively managed horses. A possible cause is the change in diet occurring when the horse is stabled. An experiment was performed to examine this possibility by manipulating the diet with the feed supplement virginiamycin, as Founderguard. During 4 weeks, 18 horses were fed diets ranging from hay alone to concentrate plus hay in the ratio of 3:1. The rations of half the horses given concentrate were supplemented with Founderguard. Horses eating high concentrate rations displayed abnormal oral behaviours at a higher frequency than those eating only hay....
