Gene.

The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the horse, Equus caballus: extensive heteroplasmy of the control region.

Gene October 21, 1994 Volume 148, Issue 2 357-362 doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90713-7

Xu X, Arnason U.The sequence of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA of the horse (Equus caballus) was determined. The length of the sequence presented is 16,660 bp. This figure, however, is not absolute due to pronounced heteroplasmy caused by variable numbers of the motif GTGCACCT in the control region of different molecules. Boundaries of the 13 peptide-coding genes were determined by the presence of start and stop codons, and by analogy with other eutherian mtDNAs. Three genes (COIII, NADH3 and NADH4) were not terminated by a stop codon. Comparison among the peptide-coding genes of the horse and eight other mammals...

Gene February 28, 2002 Volume 283, Issue 1-2 263-269 doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00880-0

Ding Q, Bramble L, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Bell T, Meek K.Previously, spontaneous genetic immunodeficiencies in mice, Arabian foals, and recently in Jack Russell terriers have been ascribed to defects in DNA-PKcs (catalytic subunit of the DNA dependent protein kinase) expression. In severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) foals, a 5 bp deletion at codon 9480 results in a frameshift and a 967 amino acid deletion from the C terminus (including the entire PI3 kinase domain) and an unstable mutant protein. In SCID mice, a single base pair mutation results in a premature stop codon and deletion of 83 amino acids; as in SCID foals, the mutant protein is un...

Gene March 17, 2020 Volume 741 144566 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144566

Santos RG, Hurtado R, Gomes LGR, Profeta R, Rifici C, Attili AR, Spier SJ, Mazzullo G, Morais-Rodrigues F, Gomide ACP, Brenig B, Gala-García A....Bacteria of the genusGlutamicibacterare considered ubiquitous because they can be found in soil, water and air. They have already been isolated from different habitats, including different types of soil, clinical samples, cheese and plants. Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus is a Gram-positive bacterium important to various biotechnological processes, however, as a pathogen it is associated to urinary tract infections and bacteremia. Recently,Glutamicibacter creatinolyticusLGCM 259 was isolated from a mare, which displayed several diffuse subcutaneous nodules with heavy vascularization. In this s...

Gene February 11, 2019 Volume 695 26-31 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.067

Copy number variation (CNV) has been proved to be widespread in human, animal and plant genomes. Together with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), CVNs play a key role in genetic diversity. In this study, genome-wide detection of CNVs was performed based on SNP data from 24 Criollo Argentino horses genotyped with the GGP Equine70k array. Overall, 165 CNVs meeting stringent quality control criteria were identified and then aggregated into 87 CNV regions (CNVRs), representing a horse genome coverage of 13.69 Mb. Functional analysis of CNVRs allowed the identification of 337 genes implicate...

Gene July 3, 2018 Volume 677 105-110 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.009

Liu LL, Fang C, Liu WJ.The utility of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data help to accurately identify genomic regions that have undergone positive selection. In this study, the Affymetrix Equine 670 K high-density SNP array was used to genotype Kazakh and Yili horse population. After quality control, 370,227 autosomal SNPs were used to detect selection signatures by using global fixation index (F) and cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH). The database of Ensemble, Genecards, and NCBI were used to make gene annotation and functional analysis. The results showed that there wer...

Gene December 22, 2013 Volume 538, Issue 1 150-154 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.027

Li R, Liu DH, Cao CN, Wang SQ, Dang RH, Lan XY, Chen H, Zhang T, Liu WJ, Lei CZ.The myostatin gene (MSTN) is a genetic determinant of skeletal muscle growth. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in MSTN are of importance due to their strong associations with horse racing performances. In this study, we screened the SNPs in MSTN gene in 514 horses from 15 Chinese horse breeds. Six SNPs (g.26T>C, g.156T>C, g.587A>G, g.598C>T, g.1485C>T, g.2115A>G) in MSTN gene were detected by sequencing and genotyped using PCR-RFLP method. The g.587A>G and g.598C>T residing in the 5'UTR region were novel SNPs identified by this study. The g.2115A>G which have pr...

Gene December 6, 2008 Volume 433, Issue 1-2 88-99 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.11.026

Cochet M, Vaiman D, Lefèvre F.Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines of vertebrates with many biological effects including antiviral, immunoregulatory and antiproliferative activities. Among them, mammalian type I IFNs represents a large family of related proteins, mainly virus-inducible, divided in 10 distinct subfamilies named alpha, beta, omega, delta, epsilon, alphaomega, nu, tau, kappa and zeta (or Limitin). Some type I IFN subfamilies are physiologically expressed by the conceptus during early pregnancy in ungulates. This is the case in ruminants with IFN-tau (which triggers the maintenance of the maternal corpus luteum du...

Gene October 30, 2018 Volume 685 149-155 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.079

Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Musiał AD, Piórkowska K, Szmatoła T.The ACTN3 gene codes for α-actinin-3, a protein localized in the Z-line in the skeletal muscle. Actinin-3 is critical in anchoring the myofibrillar actin filaments and plays a key role in muscle contraction. ACTN3 (α-actinin-3) cross-links glycogen phosphorylase (GP), which is the key enzyme catalysing glycogen metabolism. The aim of present study was to establish the expression level of the ACTN3 gene (for both isoforms separately and together in the gene expression analysis) in the gluteus medius muscle in order to verify if the α-actinin-3 gene can be related to training intensity in Ara...

Gene September 8, 2018 Volume 680 9-19 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.09.013

Gurusinghe S, Bandara N, Hilbert B, Trope G, Wang L, Strappe P.Monolayer expansion of chondrocytes in culture results in the dedifferentiation of chondrocytes with inferior cartilage specific extracellular matrix synthesis and proliferation when compared with its native counterpart. We aimed to enhance chondrocyte proliferation and articular cartilage specific gene expression through ectopic expression of the major pluripotency transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc). We also aimed to provide insights to the modulation of TGFβ receptor mRNA with Klf4 overexpression. Equine chondrocytes pooled from three donors were transduced with lentiviral v...

Gene January 22, 2005 Volume 346 127-132 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.011

Tozaki T, Hirota K, Hasegawa T, Tomita M, Kurosawa M.Linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping is often used in searches for genes governing economically significant traits and diseases. The D' coefficient is a commonly used measure of the extent of LD between all possible pairs of alleles at two markers. This study aimed to test the utility of the D' coefficient for LD mapping of a trait in a thoroughbred population. Microsatellite genotype data and grey coat colour as a trait model in a thoroughbred population were used to assess the extent of LD. We demonstrated that LD mapping was a reasonable approach for initial genome-wide scans in a thoroughbr...

Gene July 30, 2009 Volume 447, Issue 1 40-50 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2009.07.017

Echigoya Y, Sato T, Itou T, Endo H, Sakai T.The species-specific properties of LDH isozymes are essentially determined by M (muscle) and H (heart) subunit proteins encoded by the LDHA and LDHB genes, respectively. In the present study, we molecularly characterized the full-length equine lactate dehydrogenase A (eLDHA) and B (eLDHB) cDNAs. The eLDHA cDNA consisted of a 999-bp open reading frame (ORF), while the eLDHB and newly acquired bat LDHB consisted of a 1002-bp ORF, which is 3 bp shorter than the LDHB ORF of other registered mammals. The alignment of amino acid sequences showed that eLDHA acquired positively charged His 88 and 226,...

Gene June 24, 2014 Volume 547, Issue 1 152-158 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.06.051

Gim JA, Ayarpadikannan S, Eo J, Kwon YJ, Choi Y, Lee HK, Park KD, Yang YM, Cho BW, Kim HS.Physical exercise induces gene expression changes that trigger glucose metabolism pathways in organisms. In the present study, we monitored the expression levels of LDHA (lactate dehydrogenase) and GYS1 (glycogen synthase 1) in the blood, to confirm the roles of these genes in exercise physiology. LDHA and GYS1 are related to glucose metabolism and fatigue recovery, and these processes could elicit economically important traits in racehorses. We collected blood samples from three retired thoroughbred racehorses, pre-exercise and immediately after 30 min of exercise. We extracted total RNA and ...

Gene April 5, 2006 Volume 376, Issue 2 192-198 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.03.006

Looft C, Paul S, Philipp U, Regenhard P, Kuiper H, Distl O, Chowdhary BP, Leeb T.Defensins are a family of evolutionary ancient antimicrobial peptides consisting of three sub-families: alpha-, beta- and theta-defensins. This investigation was focused on the genomic characterization of equine beta-defensins and the investigation of the potential clustering of beta-defensin genes in the equine genome. Six genomic BAC clones were isolated from the CHORI-241 library and one of these was mapped by FISH to ECA 27q17. This location was confirmed by RH-mapping. The contiguous 212 kb sequence of this clone was determined. Sequence analysis revealed the identification of ten pseudog...

Gene July 18, 2002 Volume 292, Issue 1-2 65-72 doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(02)00673-x

Giese A, Jude R, Kuiper H, Piumi F, Schambony A, Guérin G, Distl O, Töpfer-Petersen E, Leeb T.Acidic epididymal glycoprotein 1 (AEG1), also called cysteine-rich secretory protein 1 (CRISP1), is a member of the CRISP protein family which is characterized by 16 conserved cysteine residues at the C-terminus. The CRISP proteins are expressed in the male genital tract and are thought to be involved in sperm-egg fusion. Therefore, their genes are of interest as candidate genes for inherited male fertility dysfunctions and as putative quantitative trait loci for male fertility traits. In this report, the cloning and DNA sequence of 90 kb of horse genomic DNA from equine chromosome 20q22 conta...

Gene January 8, 2007 Volume 392, Issue 1-2 181-186 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.12.018

Tozaki T, Swinburne J, Hirota K, Hasegawa T, Ishida N, Tobe T.Genetic maps are extremely important tools for tracing the genes that govern economically significant traits, and microsatellites are a significant component of these. In this study, we isolated 2346 novel horse microsatellites as resources for the construction of high-density horse genetic maps. Of these 2346 markers, 339 (14.5%) horse sequences showed sequence homology to DNA sequences in the human genome, demonstrating that microsatellites as type II markers are valuable resources for developing linkage maps and that they have a potential equal to that of type I markers for developing compa...

Gene July 28, 1995 Volume 160, Issue 2 253-256 doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00150-5

Chopineau M, Stewart F, Allen WR.The coding regions of the horse (Equus caballus) and donkey (E. asinus) luteinizing hormone (LH) beta-subunit transcripts were cloned from pituitary gland RNA, in order to investigate their relationships to the corresponding equine chorionic gonadotropin (CG) beta-subunits and to further understand the unusual receptor-binding properties of equine LH and CG. The horse and donkey LH beta-subunit sequences were very similar (97% identity at the nucleotide (nt) level; 93% at the amino acid (aa) level), confirming their very close evolutionary linkage and also indicating that the C-terminal extens...

Gene October 13, 2020 Volume 769 145231 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145231

Santos Alves J, da Silva Anjos M, Silva Bastos M, Sarmento Martins de Oliveira L, Pereira Pinto Oliveira I, Batista Pinto LF....Equid breeds originating from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa are believed to have genetically contributed to the formation of breeds and ecotypes from Brazil. The country has numerous breeds and ecotypes of horses and donkeys but there are no extensive studies on maternal genetic diversity and their origins. This study reports the results of the first genetic analysis of all horse and donkey breeds/ecotypes from Brazil based on sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) whose main objective was to characterize the genetic variation in these animals. These analyses will ...

Gene January 28, 2015 Volume 560, Issue 1 83-88 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.047

Gim JA, Lee S, Kim DS, Jeong KS, Hong CP, Bae JH, Moon JW, Choi YS, Cho BW, Cho HG, Bhak J, Kim HS.With the advent of next-generation sequencing technology, genome-wide maps of DNA methylation are now available. The Thoroughbred horse is bred for racing, while the Jeju horse is a traditional Korean horse bred for racing or food. The methylation profiles of equine organs may provide genomic clues underlying their athletic traits. We have developed a database to elucidate genome-wide DNA methylation patterns of the cerebrum, lung, heart, and skeletal muscle from Thoroughbred and Jeju horses. Using MeDIP-Seq, our database provides information regarding significantly enriched methylated regions...

Gene January 15, 2014 Volume 538, Issue 1 88-93 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.014

Thomas KC, Hamilton NA, North KN, Houweling PJ.The sarcomeric α-actinins, encoded by the genes ACTN2 and ACTN3, are major structural components of the Z-line and have high sequence similarity. α-Actinin-2 is present in all skeletal muscle fibres, while α-actinin-3 has developed specialized expression in only type 2 (fast, glycolytic) fibres. A common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human ACTN3 gene (R577X) has been found to influence muscle performance in elite athletes and the normal population. For this reason, equine ACTN3 (eACTN3) is considered to be a possible candidate that may influence horse performance. In this stud...

Gene October 31, 1996 Volume 178, Issue 1-2 83-88 doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(96)00339-3

de la Rúa-Domènech R, Wiedmann M, Mohammed HO, Cummings JF, Divers TJ, Batt CA.The cDNA encoding the equine copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) was cloned from leukocyte total RNA from healthy horses and its nucleotide (nt) sequence was determined. We further sequenced the SOD1 gene from 16 horses diagnosed with equine motor neuron disease (EMND) and eight unrelated, clinically normal horses to determine if this disease, similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in humans, is linked to SOD1 mutations. The 465-bp SOD1 coding region in the horse encodes 153 amino acid (aa) residues. Equine SOD1 exhibited 81.8 and 79.9% sequence identity to the human homolog at the...

Gene August 23, 2007 Volume 404, Issue 1-2 1-9 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2007.07.034

Herszberg B, Mata X, Giulotto E, Decaunes P, Piras FM, Chowdhary BP, Chaffaux S, Guérin G.Glycogen debranching enzyme (AGL) is a multifunctional enzyme acting in the glycogen degradation pathway. In humans, the AGL activity deficiency causes a type III glycogen storage disease (Cori-Forbes disease). One particularity of AGL gene expression lies in the multiple alternative splicing in its 5' region. The AGL gene was localized on ECA5q14-q15. The sequence of the equine cDNA was determined to be 7.5 kb in length with an open reading frame of 4602 bp. The gene is 69 kb long and contains 35 exons. The equine AGL gene has an ubiquitous expression and presents five tissue-dependent cDNA v...

Gene December 3, 2002 Volume 299, Issue 1-2 101-109 doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(02)01018-1

Giese A, Jude R, Kuiper H, Raudsepp T, Piumi F, Schambony A, Guérin G, Chowdhary BP, Distl O, Töpfer-Petersen E, Leeb T.The cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) family consists of three members called acidic epididymal glycoprotein 1 (AEG1), AEG2, and testis-specific protein 1 (TPX1), which share 16 conserved cysteine residues at their C-termini. The CRISP proteins are primarily expressed in different sections of the male genital tract and are thought to mediate cell-cell interactions of male germ cells with other cells during sperm maturation or during fertilization. Therefore, their genes are of interest as candidate genes for inherited male fertility dysfunctions and as putative quantitative trait loci fo...

Gene June 10, 1994 Volume 143, Issue 2 299-300 doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90115-5

Ascacio-Martínez JA, Barrera-Saldaña HA.A cDNA encoding horse growth hormone (ecGH) was isolated and sequenced. The coding sequence resembles a typical mammalian GH pre-protein and contains a 3' untranslated region of 101 nucleotides carrying two contiguous polyadenylation signals.

Gene January 24, 2012 Volume 496, Issue 1 45-48 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.01.021

Nam GH, Ahn K, Bae JH, Cho BW, Park KD, Lee HK, Yang YM, Kim TH, Seong HH, Han K, Kim HS.In the mitochondrial matrix, the OXCT1 gene catalyzes the reversible transfer of coenzyme A from succinyl-CoA to acetoacetate in a reaction related to energy production from ketone bodies. Here, horse OXCT1 gene containing coenzyme A transferase domain was identified in the transcriptome analysis of cDNAs derived from skeletal muscles. Horse OXCT1 gene consisted of 1761 [corrected] nucleotide sequences with an open reading frame of 1560 nucleotides encoding a protein of 520 putative amino acid residues.The number of non-synonymous substitutions was lower than the number of synonymous substitut...

Gene March 13, 2012 Volume 499, Issue 2 357-361 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.03.008

Gupta AK, Chauhan M, Bhardwaj A, Tandon SN.Genetic diversity in Zanskari pony breed was evaluated at 48 microsatellite loci using fifty adult, healthy and unrelated animals. Allele frequency data was used to detect genetic diversity and bottleneck. The estimated average number of alleles (±s.e.) was 8.5208±2.5010 with a total of 409 alleles. A high level of genetic diversity within this breed was observed in terms of number of alleles, observed heterozygosity (0.6763±0.1704), expected Leven's heterozygosity (0.7724±0.795), expected Nei's heterozygosity (0.7644±0.0787) and polymorphism information content (>0.5). In-breeding coe...

Gene November 24, 1999 Volume 240, Issue 1 217-226 doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00397-2

Huang Z, Depoortere I, De Clercq P, Peeters T.Motilin is involved in the regulation of the fasting motility pattern in man and in dog, but may have a different role in other species. Immunoreactive motilin has been demonstrated in several species, but the sequence is mostly unknown. The aim of this study was to isolate and sequence the cDNA encoding the motilin precursor from several mammalian species and from chicken. Total RNA was isolated from the duodenal mucosa of the chicken, dog, cow and horse. In each case single stranded cDNA was synthesized. Motilin cDNA fragments were amplified by PCR, ligated into a plasmid and cloned. Clones ...

Gene November 16, 2018 Volume 687 238-245 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.043

Jo A, Lee HE, Kim HS.Horses (Equus caballus) have been domesticated and bred to enhance speed, strength, and agility. Members of the Equus caballus Endogenous Retrovirus (EqERV) family affect several of these abilities in horses. EqERV elements have been integrated in the horse genome during evolution and generate repeat elements such as long terminal repeats (LTRs). LTR sequences are involved in retrovirus replication and play an essential function in post-transcriptional control mechanisms, such as by providing binding sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) or generating miRNA precursors. In this study, we identified a no...

Gene May 8, 2019 Volume 707 58-64 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.05.018

Ząbek T, Witarski W, Semik-Gurgul E, Szmatoła T, Kowalska K, Bugno-Poniewierska M.We investigated the activity of chondrogenic markers and variation of methylation patterns in equine cartilaginous cells cultivated in monolayer. The transcriptional and epigenetic effect of the long-term culture of chondrocytes has been evaluated using several passages of chondrocyte cell-lines derived from equine articular cartilage. Using 3 genes as endogenous control we tested the expression of 7 genes important for different stages of chondrocyte differentiation and maturation. CpG islands in RUNX3 locus were inspected for the evaluation of differential methylation state of passaged cell-...

Gene September 16, 2011 Volume 491, Issue 1 65-70 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.08.030

Koho NM, Mykkänen AK, Reeben M, Raekallio MR, Ilves M, Pösö AR.MCT1-CD147 complex is the prime lactate transporter in mammalian plasma membranes. In equine red blood cells (RBCs), activity of the complex and expression of MCT1 and CD147 is bimodal; high in 70% and low in 30%. We studied whether sequence variations contribute to the bimodal expression of MCT1 and CD147. Samples of blood and cremaster muscle were collected in connection of castration from 24 horses. Additional gluteus muscle samples were collected from 15 Standardbreds of which seven were known to express low amounts of CD147 in RBCs. The cDNA of MCT1 and CD147 together with a promoter regi...

Gene August 22, 1997 Volume 195, Issue 2 131-139 doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00080-2

Sherman GB, Lund LA, Bunick D, Winn RJ.The luteinizing hormone (LH) beta subunit gene is expressed in the pituitary glands of all mammals, whereas the closely related chorionic gonadotropin (CG) beta subunit genes have been identified only in primates and equids, and are expressed in placenta. In the case of horses, there is a single-copy equine (e) luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin hormone beta subunit gene (eLH/CGbeta) that (1) is expressed in both pituitary gland and placenta, (2) encodes a characteristic carboxyl terminal peptide (CTP) extension, and (3) transcribes an atypically elongated 5'-untranslated region (UTR) ...

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NLM ID:	7706761
(DNLM):	G03740000(s)
(OCoLC):	03424642
Coden:	GENED6
LCCN:	77643986
Classification:	W1 GE184M

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