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Veterinary ophthalmology.
Publisher:
Blackwell Science,
Frequency: Six no. a year, 2004-
Country: England
Language: English
Author(s):
American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.
Start Year:1998 -
ISSN:
1463-5216 (Print)
1463-5224 (Electronic)
1463-5216 (Linking)
1463-5224 (Electronic)
1463-5216 (Linking)
Impact Factor
1.6
2022
| NLM ID: | 100887377 |
| (OCoLC): | 41092864 |
| LCCN: | sn 99003713 |
| Classification: | W1 VE933T |
Benign intraocular teratoid medulloepithelioma causing glaucoma in an 11-year-old Arabian mare. An 11-year-old Arabian mare was presented for investigation of a visible, pale-colored intraocular mass in the right eye. Results: An intraocular mass was detected clinically and ultrasonographically as originating from the superior temporal quadrant of the ciliary body and iris and causing secondary glaucoma. The echodense mass was occupying the majority of the vitreous chamber and extended into the anterior chamber. The left eye appeared normal. Results: Enucleation was recommended for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. No adjuvant treatment was given. Histopathological examination demonst...
Modified Kuhnt-Szymanowski surgical procedure for secondary cicatricial ectropion in a horse. A 1-year-old Dutch Warmblood gelding was presented to the University of Florida's Large Animal Hospital (UF-LAH) for correction of ectropion of the right lower eyelid. The ectropion was the result of a lower eyelid laceration. A primary repair was performed by the referring veterinarian; however, the horse prematurely removed the sutures and the wound healed with inversion of the eyelid margin. Surgical correction of the entropion, with removal of tissue from the lower eyelid, resulted in cicatricial ectropion. During the initial evaluation at UF-LAH, a corneal ulcer was noted in the right eye...
Ocular abnormalities in healthy Standardbred foals. To determine the prevalence and describe ocular abnormalities in healthy Standardbred foals within 48 h of birth. Methods: One hundred and two neonatal foals. Methods: All foals had an unassisted delivery. On the basis of physical examination and the results of hematological and biochemical parameters, all foals were unaffected by systemic diseases. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed within 48 h of birth. Foals with ocular hemorrhages were re-examined weekly until the abnormalities were resolved. Results: 65/102 (63.7%) foals did not show ocular abnormalities, while in 37/102 (36....
Ocular manifestations of a metastatic adenocarcinoma in a horse. A 10-year-old German Warmblood gelding was referred to the Equine Department of the Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland, for an iris mass OD, lethargy, intermittent fever, and coughing. Ophthalmic examination revealed a 7 × 9 mm raised, fleshy, whitish to pinkish, vascularized iris mass at the 2 o`clock position OD. Fundic examination showed multifocal round, brown to black, slightly raised lesions with indistinct margins and a surrounding hyperreflective zone OU. Physical examination revealed a temperature of 39.2 °C, sinus tachycardia, preputial and ventral edema, and an e...
Phacoemulsification and +14 diopter intraocular lens placement in a Saddlebred foal. A 2-month-old, 110-kg Saddlebred filly presented for evaluation of bilateral cataracts. A hypermature cataract in the left eye (OS) and an incipient nuclear cataract in the right eye (OD) were diagnosed. Electroretinography and ocular ultrasound revealed no contraindications for surgical removal of the cataractous lens OS. Phacoemulsification and implantation of a +14 diopter (D) intraocular lens (IOL) OS were performed at 4 months of age without complication, with the exception of a partial iridectomy performed on a small iris section that prolapsed through the corneal incision. Complete opht...
Diode laser endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation in the normal equine eye. To determine the clinical and histologic effects of diode endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) in the phakic equine eye. Methods: Phase I: 10 equine cadaver eyes. Phase II: four normal adult horses. Methods: Phase I: ECP probe angle of reach (AR) was determined. Multiple ECP energy levels: 0.75, 0.90, 1.05, 1.20, 1.35, 1.50 J, and the resulting visible and histologic ciliary process changes were evaluated. Phase II: Ocular quadrants were treated with ECP at 0.90, 1.14, 1.38 J, and a control. The contralateral eye underwent a sham operation. Tissue changes (clinical and histologic) were evalu...
Episodic blindness and ataxia in a horse with cholesterinic granulomas. An 11-year-old Oldenburg mare presented following three episodes of acute, transient blindness, ataxia, and disorientation within the preceding 7 months. Clinical improvement, including return of vision, occurred within 1 week of initiating corticosteroid therapy for each of the three episodes. However, mild right-sided miosis was a consistent finding on ophthalmic examinations. Routine clinicopathologic testing revealed no significant abnormalities, and testing of cerebral spinal fluid for selected infectious diseases was unrewarding. Computed tomography of the brain demonstrated a hyperatten...
Equine subepithelial keratomycosis. To describe clinical findings in equine subepithelial keratomycosis (SEK). Methods: Retrospective medical records study. Methods: Medical records of horses that had subepithelial keratomycosis (SEK) at the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center from 2007 to 2011 were reviewed. Methods: Data collected from the medical records included signalment, clinical descriptions of ocular lesions, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic outcomes. Results: Twenty-one horses, consisting of three Quarter horse geldings, two Morgan geldings, one Morgan mare, two Arabian mares, three Arabian geldings, ...
Extraocular lymphoma in the horse. To describe the clinical findings and prognosis for extraocular lymphoma in the horse. Methods:   Retrospective medical records study of horses diagnosed with third eyelid, corneoscleral, conjunctival, and/or eyelid lymphoma from multiple academic and private veterinary institutions. Data collected from the medical records included signalment, clinical descriptions of the extraocular lesions, treatment, and treatment outcomes. Nonparametric statistical analysis was performed with Fischer's exact tests. Results:   Extraocular lymphoma involving the eyelid, third eyelid, cornea, sclera, and/...
Electroretinogram responses of the normal thoroughbred horse sedated with detomidine hydrochloride. The main objective was to record electroretinogram (ERG) parameters of normal thoroughbred mares using the HMsERG, a mini-Ganzfeld electroretinographic unit, and a contact lens electrode. The second objective was to determine whether IV detomidine hydrochloride at 0.015 mg/kg is consistently an effective choice for sedation of horses undergoing this ERG protocol. Methods: The study population consisted of 30 normal thoroughbred mares. ERG data were harvested using a protocol that included three different light intensities (10, 3000, and 10,000 mcd s/m(2)) and a 30-Hz flicker at 3000 mcd s/m(2)...
Refractive state of the Spanish Thoroughbred horse: a comparison with the Crossbred horse. To assess the refractive state of the equine eye utilizing retinoscopy. To compare the refractive state of Spanish Thoroughbred horses with the refractive state of Crossbred horses. Methods: The refractive state of 135 horses (264 eyes) was assessed utilizing streak retinoscopy. Two perpendicular meridians were examined in order to assess astigmatism at a working distance of approximately 67 cm. A group of 81 Spanish Thoroughbred horses was compared with a group of 54 Crossbred horses. Cyclopentolate ophthalmic solution was instilled in the eyes of a group of 18 horses to determine if accommod...
Miscellaneous vitreous-derived IgM antibodies target numerous retinal proteins in equine recurrent uveitis. In equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), immune reactions are directed toward known antigens like S-antigen, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, and cellular retinalaldehyde-binding protein, and anti-retinal antibodies were detected in vitreous samples. The aim of this study was the investigation of intraocular immunoglobulin M (IgM) reactivities to retinal proteome. Methods: Retina was separated by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and blotted semidry on PVDF membranes. To identify intraocular IgM antibody responses to retinal tissue, blots were incubated with vitreous samples o...
Electrophysiological studies in American Quarter horses with neuroaxonal dystrophy. Neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) is a disease characterized by the sudden onset of neurologic signs in horses ranging from 4 to 36 months of age. Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (EDM), a disease that has been associated with low vitamin E concentrations, is considered a more advanced form of NAD. The objective of this report is to describe the electrophysiological features of NAD/EDM in American Quarter horses (QHs). HORSES: Six NAD/EDM-affected QHs and six unaffected QHs were evaluated by ophthalmic examination and electroretinography. Five of the NAD/EDM-affected QH and five unaffected QH...
Equine keratomycosis in Japan. To describe the incidence, clinical progress, visual outcome, and laboratory findings of equine keratomycosis in Japan. Methods:  Retrospective study of the medical records of horses clinically and mycologically diagnosed with keratomycosis at the Equine Hospitals of the Japan Racing Association from 2005 to 2011. Results: The diagnosis of keratomycosis was confirmed in eight horses (40.0% of the 20 horses with infectious keratitis from which fungi and/or bacteria were isolated). Fungi recovered from corneal swabs were identified as Aspergillus flavus (4), Aspergillus niger (1), Fusarium sol...
Diagnosis of Borrelia-associated uveitis in two horses. Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease is a tick born spirochetal infection. Clinical signs of Lyme borreliosis are uncommon in horses, but when present they are often vague and nonspecific. In horses, Lyme borreliosis has been implicated in musculoskeletal, neurological, reproductive, and ocular disorders, including uveitis, but definitive diagnosis can be challenging as the causative agent is rarely isolated and serologic tests can be unreliable and do not confirm active disease. Here, we report two cases of equine uveitis associated with B. burgdorferi based on the identi...
Third eyelid dermoid in a horse. An 8-year-old Gypsy Vanner gelding presented to the University of Florida Ophthalmology service for the evaluation of chronic, recurrent corneal ulcers behind the third eyelid of the right eye. On ophthalmic examination, a cluster of aberrant hairs was identified growing along the margin of the third eyelid. This portion of third eyelid was surgically excised, and histopathology identified the haired tissue as a dermoid. Chronic keratitis secondary to a third eyelid dermoid was diagnosed, and excision appeared curative at 6 months post-operative follow-up.
The long-term effects of semiconductor diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation on the normal equine eye and intraocular pressure(a). To describe the long-term histologic and intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) on the normal equine eye. Methods: Eight normal adult horses. Methods: TSCP was performed in one randomly assigned eye. Sixty spots were treated at settings of 1500 ms and 1500 mW. Two horses were randomly selected for euthanasia at 2, 4, 12, or 24 weeks post-TSCP. Both eyes were enucleated and histologically evaluated. Intraocular pressure was measured by applanation tonometry prior to TSCP, immediately post-TSCP, twice daily for 7 days post-TSCP and th...
Ocular lesions following suspected lightning injury in a horse.   To describe the gross and histopathological ocular findings in a horse following suspected lightning injury. Methods:   The eyes of a 2-year-old thoroughbred gelding were clinically and histopathologically evaluated following a severe lightning storm following euthanasia because of visual impairment. Results:   Severe corneal edema and hydrops were noted clinically oculus dexter. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed bilateral symmetrical raised hyporeflective peripapillary geographic lesions. Histopathologic evaluation revealed corneal edema in the right eye with normal corneal endothelium...
Carbon dioxide laser photoablation adjunctive therapy following superficial lamellar keratectomy and bulbar conjunctivectomy for the treatment of corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma in horses: a review of 24 cases.   To determine the complications and nonrecurrence rates following superficial lamellar keratectomy, bulbar conjunctivectomy, and adjunctive carbon dioxide (CO(2)) photoablation for corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the horse. Methods:   Retrospective study. Sample population  Twenty-four horses with corneolimbal SCC. Methods:   Medical records of horses diagnosed with corneolimbal SCC that was surgically excised and where CO(2) photoablation was used as an adjunctive therapy from 2000 to 2007 were reviewed. Signalment, prior therapy, tumor location and size, complications,...
A retrospective comparison of surgical removal and subsequent CO2 laser ablation versus topical administration of mitomycin C as therapy for equine corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma.   To compare the complications and nonrecurrence rate following topical mitomycin C (MMC) therapy vs. CO(2) laser ablation for treating equine corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods:   Retrospective study. Methods:   Twenty-five horses with corneolimbal SCC. Methods:   Medical records of horses undergoing surgical tumor resection followed by either topical MMC therapy (0.04%) or CO(2) laser ablation between the years of 2004 and 2010 were reviewed. Recurrence and complications were compared between groups and within MMC subgroups defined by the time at which treatment was ...
Anterior and posterior segment photography. An alternative approach using a dSLR camera adaptor.   To describe a novel digital single lens reflex (dSLR) camera adaptor for anterior and posterior segment photography. Methods:   The adaptor was used to evaluate canine, feline, and equine patients presenting to Tufts Ophthalmology service. Anterior segment imaging was conducted with the adaptor mounted between a dSLR camera body (Canon 7D) and a macro lens (Canon EF-S 60mm/f2.8). Posterior segment imaging was performed with the aid of an indirect ophthalmic lens mounted in front of the macro lens. Coaxial illumination during viewing was provided by a single white light-emitting diode (LE...
Characterization of cytokines associated with Th17 cells in the eyes of horses with recurrent uveitis. Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a spontaneous disease that is the most common cause of blindness in horses, affecting up to 15% of the horse population. Th17 cells are a major cell population driving the pathogenesis in several mouse models of autoimmune inflammation, including experimental autoimmune uveitis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role a Th17 cell-mediated response plays in the pathogenesis of ERU. Methods: Banked, Davidson's-fixed equine globes histopathologically diagnosed with ERU (n = 7) were compared immunohistochemically with healthy control globes (n = 7). I...
Concurrent clinical intraocular findings in horses with depigmented punctate chorioretinal foci. To report concurrent clinical intraocular findings in horses with depigmented punctate chorioretinal foci and to document any correlation with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU). Methods: Records of 131 horses (241 eyes) examined at the University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching hospital from 2001 to 2010 were reviewed with either clinically normal fundi or depigmented punctate chorioretinal foci in the absence of other fundic pathology. Data collected included patient signalment, concurrent clinical ocular findings and follow-up information. Sex, presence of no other intraocular findings, presence...
Examination of the anterior uveoscleral pathway in domestic species. To investigate the uveoscleral (US) pathway in the normal eyes of four domestic spp.: the cat, pig, cow and horse by examining the comparative anatomical structure of anterior US pathway. Methods: Four cats, ten pigs, four cows, eight horses. Methods: Formalin-preserved specimens from anterior uveas of the cat, pig, cow and horse were embedded and serially sectioned sagittally and tangentially and stained with H&E, Masson's trichrome, smooth muscle actin immunolabel, or elastin stain. Results: Spaces between the endings of the outer anterior ciliary body musculature (CBM) formed avenues fo...
Characterization of the normal dark adaptation curve of the horse.   The goal of this work is to study the dark adaptation curve of the normal horse electroretinogram (ERG). Methods:   The electroretinographic responses were recorded from six healthy female ponies using a contact lens electrode and a mini-Ganzfeld electroretinographic unit. The horses were sedated intravenously with detomidine, an auriculopalpebral nerve block was then performed, and the pupil was fully dilated. The ERG was recorded in response to a low intensity light stimulus (30 mcd.s/m(2) ) that was given at times (T) T = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min of dark adapt...
Corneal invasion by hemangiosarcoma in a horse. A 15-year-old gray Arabian gelding presented for evaluation of a lateral limbal mass extending across approximately 30% of the cornea. Grossly, the raised mass appeared nonpigmented, smooth, and irregular in shape, with an area of central necrosis and serosanguinous discharge. The mass was removed via lamellar keratectomy and histopathologic evaluation revealed features characteristic of hemangiosarcoma (HSA), including irregular vascular channels lined by a plump spindle cell population. Immunohistochemistry results showed that the neoplastic cells lining the vascular channels present diffuse...
Conjunctival bacterial and fungal flora in healthy horses in the UK. To describe the bacterial and fungal flora of the normal conjunctiva of horses in the UK; to determine the effect of horse age, sex, geographic location, and housing on this flora; and to determine the most appropriate antimicrobial drug(s) for prophylactic treatment of corneal ulcers. Methods: A total of 60 adult healthy horses were studied. Methods: Swabs of the conjunctiva were obtained from 60 horses housed in two locations within the UK. Specimens were cultured for aerobic bacteria and fungi, and sensitivity against six ophthalmic antimicrobials assessed. The effect of age, sex, location ...
Mortierella wolfii keratomycosis in a horse. To describe a case of superficial keratomycosis caused by Mortierella wolfii (M. wolfii) in a horse. Methods: A thoroughbred filly was presented with painful right eye of 2 days' duration. A superficial corneal ulcer was observed ventrally together with multifocal punctuate opacities axially. Samples were collected by swabbing and scraping the ulcerated lesion and submitted for microbiologic and cytologic examination. Results: Microscopic evaluation of debrided corneal tissue revealed the presence of nonseptate fungal hyphae, and culture of a corneal swab yielded fungal growth. Medical treat...
Congenital stationary night blindness is associated with the leopard complex in the Miniature Horse.   To determine if congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) exists in the Miniature Horse in association with leopard complex spotting patterns (LP), and to investigate if CSNB in the Miniature Horse is associated with three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the region of TRPM1 that are highly associated with CSNB and LP in Appaloosas. Methods:   Three groups of Miniature Horses were studied based on coat patterns suggestive of LP/LP (n=3), LP/lp (n=4), and lp/lp genotype (n=4). Methods:   Horses were categorized based on phenotype as well as pedigree analysis as LP/LP, LP/lp,...
Neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium bromide for ophthalmic surgery in horses. The production of a central eye to ease surgical access for intraocular surgery is generally dependent on the depth of anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the eyeball position under muscle relaxation with rocuronium during general anesthesia. Methods: Twenty horses, body weight 480 ± 62 kg; age 12.6 ± 6.2 years (mean ± SD) were anesthetised for various ophthalmic surgeries. Horses were premedicated with acepromazine, xylazine, and butorphanol intravenously and anesthesia induced with ketamine and diazepam. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxyge...
