Virus research.
Periodical
Virology
Publisher:
Elsevier Science,
Frequency: 16 no. a year, 1999-
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Start Year:1984 -
ISSN:
0168-1702 (Print)
1872-7492 (Electronic)
0168-1702 (Linking)
1872-7492 (Electronic)
0168-1702 (Linking)
Impact Factor
5
2022
| NLM ID: | 8410979 |
| (DNLM): | V08043000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 10694473 |
| Coden: | VIREDF |
| Classification: | W1 VI836D |
Equine influenza virus from the 1991 Swedish epizootic shows major genetic and antigenic divergence from the prototype virus.
Virus research
June 1, 1993
Volume 28, Issue 3 263-272 doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(93)90026-j
Oxburgh L, Berg M, Klingeborn B, Emmoth E, Linné T.The antigenic properties of H3N8 equine influenza virus from the Swedish epizootic of 1991 differ from those of A/eq 2/Fontainebleau/79 (representative of the Swedish vaccine strain) in hemagglutination inhibition tests. The amino acid sequence of the hemagglutinin (HA) of an isolate from the 1991 outbreak was deduced from the nucleotide sequence and comparison was made to the A/eq 2/Fontainebleau/79 strain. Twenty-three amino acid substitutions were found, 10 mapping onto areas of the HA known to bind antibodies in human H3 influenza viruses. The amino acid changes together with the serologic... Sequence analysis of the equine H7 influenza virus haemagglutinin gene.
Virus research
February 1, 1992
Volume 22, Issue 2 93-106 doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(92)90037-a
Gibson CA, Daniels RS, Oxford JS, McCauley JW.The nucleotide sequences of ten haemagglutinin genes of representative H7N7 equine influenza viruses isolated between 1956 and 1977 have been determined by primer extension sequencing. Their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences demonstrate a high degree of homology. These equine viruses can be divided into two distinct subgroups, the prototype-like, and a group comprising the early American isolates and the remaining equine viruses. The equine H7 haemagglutinins form a quite distinct group compared to H7 haemagglutinins isolated from other species. Each of these equine H7 haemagglutinin... Read More
14
Equine herpesvirus 1 sequence near the left terminus codes for two open reading frames.
Virus research
March 1, 1991
Volume 18, Issue 2-3 109-116 doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(91)90012-k
Yalamanchili RR, Raengsakulrach B, O'Callaghan DJ.We have previously reported the sequence of the equine herpesvirus one genomic termini that are homologous to the genomic termini of other herpesviruses. In this paper, we present the nucleotide sequence adjacent to the left terminus sequence (map units 0.0087 to 0.0237). This sequence codes for two open reading frames (ORF) which are homologous to ORF2 and ORF3 of the varicella-zoster virus genome and are located at colinear positions. The L region sequence presented here also contains a segment that is involved in the generation of the genome of EHV-1 DI particles through recombination with ... Read More
16
Animal models of papillomavirus pathogenesis.
Virus research
November 26, 2002
Volume 89, Issue 2 249-261 doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(02)00193-4
Campo MS.Tumorigenesis due to papillomavirus (PV) infection was first demonstrated in rabbits and cattle early last century. Despite the evidence obtained in animals, the role of viruses in human cancer was dismissed as irrelevant. It took a paradigm shift in the late 1970s for some viruses to be recognised as 'tumour viruses' in humans, and in 1995, more than 60 years after Rous's first demonstration of CRPV oncogenicity, WHO officially declared that 'HPV-16 and HPV-18 are carcinogenic to humans'. Experimental studies with animal PVs have been a determining factor in this decision. Animal PVs have bee... Read More
84
The immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia virus.
Virus research
May 1, 1994
Volume 32, Issue 2 111-138 doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90038-8
Sellon DC, Fuller FJ, McGuire TC.No abstract available Read More
28
Bovine papillomaviral gene expression in equine sarcoid tumours.
Virus research
September 4, 1999
Volume 61, Issue 2 171-175 doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(99)00022-2
Nasir L, Reid SW.The sarcoid is a benign locally invasive dermal fibroblastic lesion, commonly affecting horses and donkeys. The aetiology of the equine sarcoid is equivocal. Bovine papillomaviral (BPV) DNA (type 1/2) is frequently demonstrable in equine sarcoid tumour biopsies. However, the exact role of the virus in the disease process and its contribution to the phenotypic differences in sarcoids is not known. It was sought to assess the transcriptional activity of BPV-1 found in sarcoid tissues. Of 20 tumours examined, 18 were positive for E2 expression and ten positive for L1 expression. Viral oncogenes E... Read More
21
Ultrastructure of equine morbillivirus.
Virus research
July 1, 1996
Volume 43, Issue 1 1-15 doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(96)01307-x
Hyatt AD, Selleck PW.The ultrastructure of the equine morbillivirus (EMV) which was implicated in the death of one human and fourteen horses in Queensland, Australia during September 1994 and a 36 year old man from Queensland in October 1995 is described. The ultrastructure of the virus and the intracellular virus-specific structures are characteristic for the family Paramyxoviridae. Cytoplasmic nucleocapsids were observed within the infected cells monolayers, endothelial cells (lung) of infected horses and the neurons within the brain of the 36 year old Queensland man. Aggregates of smaller nucleocapsid-like stru... Read More
20
Sequence analyses of the p24 gene of Borna disease virus in naturally infected horse, donkey and sheep.
Virus research
December 1, 1994
Volume 34, Issue 3 281-289 doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90128-7
Binz T, Lebelt J, Niemann H, Hagenau K.By reverse transcriptase/PCR amplification and subsequent sequence determination of the p24 gene, the relatedness of Borna disease virus (BDV) in various naturally infected animal species was determined. These results are indicative of a common ancestral virus pool and a remarkably low species barrier of BDV. Comparison of 11 sequences to that of tissue culture adapted virus revealed that the homology among all isolates was at least 96.2% at the nucleotide level, and 97% at the amino acid level. Viral sequences from sheep, donkey and horse were found to be not more distantly related to each ot... Read More
20
Comparison of the deduced matrix and fusion protein sequences of equine morbillivirus with cognate genes of the Paramyxoviridae.
Virus research
July 1, 1996
Volume 43, Issue 1 17-31 doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(96)01308-1
Gould AR.The nucleotide sequence of the matrix protein of equine morbillivirus (EMV) was determined to be 1062 nucleotides and coded for a deduced protein of M(r) 40148 having a net charge of + 19 at neutral pH. The matrix protein gene was separated from the P and F genes by intercistronic regions of 546 and 469 nucleotides, respectively. The nucleotide sequence which coded for the F protein was 1641 nucleotides and coded for a deduced protein of 546 amino acids having an M(r) of 60,447 and a charge + 4 at neutral pH. Partial sequence information was also determined for the P/V proteins. M, P and F pro... Read More
19
Epitope mapping of cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies specific for the influenza A virus PA and PB2 polypeptides.
Virus research
August 1, 1995
Volume 37, Issue 3 305-315 doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(95)00039-s
Ochoa M, Bárcena J, de la Luna S, Melero JA, Douglas AR, Nieto A, Ortín J, Skehel JJ, Portela A.Characterization of the epitopes recognized by 21 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the influenza A virus PA (13 MAbs) and PB2 (8 MAbs) polypeptides (Bárcena et al. (1994) J. Virol. 68, 6900-6909) raised against denatured polypeptides produced in E. coli is described. MAbs were characterized by: (1) competitive binding ELISAs; (2) mapping of the protein regions that specify their binding sites; and (3) analyses of their ability to recognize the corresponding viral protein in a number of viral isolates. Five and three non-overlapping antigenic areas were defined by the anti-PA and anti... Read More
17
Varied prevalence of Borna disease virus infection in Arabic, thoroughbred and their cross-bred horses in Iran.
Virus research
November 1, 1996
Volume 45, Issue 1 1-13 doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(96)01355-x
Bahmani MK, Nowrouzian I, Nakaya T, Nakamura Y, Hagiwara K, Takahashi H, Rad MA, Ikuta K.Borna disease virus (BDV) naturally infects horses and sheep and induces progressive poliomeningoencephalomyelitis. Here, BDV recombinant proteins of the first open reading frame (ORF-I; coding for p40 nucleoprotein) and the second ORF-II (coding for p24 polymerase cofactor) were immunoblotted with plasma derived from 72 healthy (28 Arabic, 17 thoroughbred and 27 cross-bred) race horses at Tehran in Iran to detect anti-BDV antibodies. In addition, their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were also examined for BDV RNA by a nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)... Read More
16
Equine herpesvirus 1 sequence near the left terminus codes for two open reading frames.
Virus research
March 1, 1991
Volume 18, Issue 2-3 109-116 doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(91)90012-k
Yalamanchili RR, Raengsakulrach B, O'Callaghan DJ.We have previously reported the sequence of the equine herpesvirus one genomic termini that are homologous to the genomic termini of other herpesviruses. In this paper, we present the nucleotide sequence adjacent to the left terminus sequence (map units 0.0087 to 0.0237). This sequence codes for two open reading frames (ORF) which are homologous to ORF2 and ORF3 of the varicella-zoster virus genome and are located at colinear positions. The L region sequence presented here also contains a segment that is involved in the generation of the genome of EHV-1 DI particles through recombination with ... Read More
16
The pathogenic and vaccine strains of equine infectious anemia virus differentially induce cytokine and chemokine expression and apoptosis in macrophages.
Virus research
July 14, 2011
Volume 160, Issue 1-2 274-282 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.06.028
Lin YZ, Cao XZ, Li L, Li L, Jiang CG, Wang XF, Ma J, Zhou JH.The attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine was the first attenuated lentivirus vaccine to be used in a large-scale application and has been used to successfully control the spread of equine infectious anemia (EIA) in China. To better understand the potential role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of EIAV infection and resulting immune response, we used branched DNA technology to compare the mRNA expression levels of 12 cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-8, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, and MCP-2, in equine monocyte-derived mac... Read More
16
Sequence analysis of the equine H7 influenza virus haemagglutinin gene.
Virus research
February 1, 1992
Volume 22, Issue 2 93-106 doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(92)90037-a
Gibson CA, Daniels RS, Oxford JS, McCauley JW.The nucleotide sequences of ten haemagglutinin genes of representative H7N7 equine influenza viruses isolated between 1956 and 1977 have been determined by primer extension sequencing. Their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences demonstrate a high degree of homology. These equine viruses can be divided into two distinct subgroups, the prototype-like, and a group comprising the early American isolates and the remaining equine viruses. The equine H7 haemagglutinins form a quite distinct group compared to H7 haemagglutinins isolated from other species. Each of these equine H7 haemagglutinin... Read More
14
Detection of equine herpesvirus type 2 (EHV-2) in horses with keratoconjunctivitis.
Virus research
October 13, 2001
Volume 80, Issue 1-2 93-99 doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(01)00299-4
Kershaw O, von Oppen T, Glitz F, Deegen E, Ludwig H, Borchers K.The prevalence of EHV-2 in 27 horses with keratoconjunctivitis and 21 clinically healthy horses of different ages and stocks were analyzed. We demonstrated that EHV-2 was present in 12 keratoconjunctivitis cases as shown by nested PCR on ocular swabs. This is statistically more often than in the control group, where only two ocular swabs were EHV-2 positive. Cocultivation was successful on peripheral blood leukocytes of healthy and diseased horses but not on swabs. We isolated ten EHV-2 strains from diseased and nine from control horses, whereas 16 isolates showed different restriction enzyme ... Read More
13
Sequence variants of bovine papillomavirus E5 detected in equine sarcoids.
Virus research
September 3, 2003
Volume 96, Issue 1-2 141-145 doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(03)00175-8
Chambers G, Ellsmore VA, O'Brien PM, Reid SW, Love S, Campo MS, Nasir L.The equine sarcoid, one of the most common dermatological lesions in equids, is a benign, locally invasive dermal fibroblastic lesion. Previous studies have suggested an association with two bovine papilloma virus (BPV) types, BPV-1 and BPV-2. In the present study, we examined sarcoids from horses from two geographical areas, Switzerland and the UK, for the major transforming gene of BPV, E5. We detected BPV DNA for the E5 open reading frame and viral E5 RNA transcripts in most sarcoids. Sequence analysis of the E5 open reading frame of sarcoid-associated BPV detected several unique DNA sequen... Read More
13
Antigenic and genetic characterization of rabies virus isolates from Uruguay.
Virus research
January 11, 2013
Volume 173, Issue 2 415-420 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.12.013
Guarino H, Castilho JG, Souto J, Oliveira Rde N, Carrieri ML, Kotait I.After 25 years without any reported cases of rabies in Uruguay, the northern region of the country experienced an epizootic of bovine paralytic rabies in October 2007. The outbreak affected bovines and equines, and the main source of infection was the bat Desmodus rotundus, the only hematophagous species in the country. From October 2007 to July 2008, 42 bovine, 3 equine and 120 chiropteran samples were submitted to the National Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for rabies testing. A total of 12 samples (7 bovine, 2 equine and 3 from D. rotundus) were positive by the fluorescent antibody test, ... Read More
12
Glycoprotein C of equine herpesvirus 4 plays a role in viral binding to cell surface heparan sulfate.
Virus research
March 15, 2010
Volume 151, Issue 1 1-9 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.03.003
Azab W, Tsujimura K, Maeda K, Kobayashi K, Mohamed YM, Kato K, Matsumura T, Akashi H.Heparan sulfate moieties of cell surface proteoglycans serve as receptors for several herpesviruses. For herpes simplex virus 1, pseudorabies virus and equine herpesvirus 1, glycoprotein C (gC) homologues have been shown to mediate the binding to cell surface heparan sulfate. However, the role of gC in equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) infection has not yet been analyzed. Using pull-down assay, we first determined that EHV-4 gC as well as gB are heparin-binding glycoproteins. To study the role of gC in EHV-4 infection, we constructed a gC-deletion mutant, WA79DeltagC, where the kanamycin resistant ... Read More
11
A rapid method for the analysis of influenza virus genes: application to the reassortment of equine influenza virus genes.
Virus research
June 1, 1994
Volume 32, Issue 3 391-399 doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90087-6
Adeyefa CA, Quayle K, McCauley JW.We describe a rapid method for genetic characterisation of influenza virus genes using reverse transcription and amplification by polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) of all virus segments simultaneously (multiplex RT/PCR) using primers based on the conserved terminal sequences. The product has been shown to be suitable for determination of partial nucleotide sequences which can be used to search nucleotide sequence databases and rapidly map the genetic origin of each segment. We illustrate the use of the method by analysing genetic reassortment in H7N7 equine influenza viruses. Read More
11
Detection, molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of G3P[12] and G14P[12] equine rotavirus strains co-circulating in central Kentucky.
Virus research
June 1, 2018
Volume 255 39-54 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.025
Carossino M, Barrandeguy ME, Li Y, Parreño V, Janes J, Loynachan AT, Balasuriya UBR.Equine rotavirus A (ERVA) is the leading cause of diarrhea in neonatal foals and a major health problem to the equine breeding industry worldwide. The G3P[12] and G14P[12] ERVA genotypes are the most prevalent in foals with diarrhea. Control and prevention strategies include vaccination of pregnant mares with an inactivated vaccine containing a prototype ERVA G3P[12] strain with limited and controversial field efficacy. Here, we performed the molecular characterization of ERVA strains circulating in central Kentucky using fecal samples collected during the 2017 foaling season. The data indicat... Read More
11
Alternate circulation of recent equine-2 influenza viruses (H3N8) from two distinct lineages in the United States.
Virus research
March 17, 2004
Volume 100, Issue 2 159-164 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2003.11.019
Lai AC, Rogers KM, Glaser A, Tudor L, Chambers T.Phylogenetic and antigenic analyses indicate that recent circulating equine-2 influenza viruses in the United States have been alternating between two genetic and antigenic distinct lineages since 1996. The evolution rates for these two lineages, the Kentucky and the Florida lineage, are very similar. For the earlier isolates in the Kentucky lineage, there are multiple and sequential nonsynonymous substitutions at antigenic sites B and D. However, there are no changes at any of these antigenic sites for KY98 and OK00. In the Florida lineage, except for NY99 with one amino acid substitution at ... Read More
11
Live-attenuated recombinant equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) induces a neutralizing antibody response against West Nile virus (WNV).
Virus research
January 22, 2007
Volume 125, Issue 1 69-78 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.12.009
Rosas CT, Tischer BK, Perkins GA, Wagner B, Goodman LB, Osterrieder N.The immunogenicity in horses of a recombinant equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine expressing West Nile virus (WNV) prM and E proteins was studied. To construct the recombinant EHV-1, two-step en passant mutagenesis was employed for manipulation of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) of vaccine strain RacH. Recombinant EHV-1 stably expressed the WNV prM and E proteins as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blotting. In addition, growth properties in vitro of the EHV-1/WNV recombinant were found to not be significantly different from those of the parental virus. To ... Read More
10
Genetic characterization of equine influenza viruses isolated in Italy between 1999 and 2005.
Virus research
September 24, 2007
Volume 131, Issue 1 100-105 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.08.001
Damiani AM, Scicluna MT, Ciabatti I, Cardeti G, Sala M, Vulcano G, Cordioli P, Martella V, Amaddeo D, Autorino GL.During local respiratory disease outbreaks, occurring in 2003 and 2004 in horse training stables within race-tracks in Rome, and on a stud horse farm in Bari in 2005, four strains of equine influenza (EI) virus were isolated. All outbreaks occurred in flu-vaccinated horses. Here, we are reporting the results of the genetic characterization of these isolates, together with that of another EI virus strain isolated in 1999 from a dead foal presenting pulmonary lesions. Alignment and phylogenetic analyses were carried out using the haemagglutinin amino acid sequences. The Rome and Bari isolates we... Read More
10
Mutations occurring during serial passage of Japanese equine infectious anemia virus in primary horse macrophages.
Virus research
August 10, 2000
Volume 68, Issue 1 93-98 doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(00)00147-7
Zheng YH, Sentsui H, Kono Y, Ikuta K.An attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), named V26, was previously obtained after 50 passages of the Japanese virulent strain V70 in primary macrophage culture. To clarify the differences between both viruses, their full-length sequences were determined. There were higher mutations in S2 (6.15% amino acid difference) and LTR (10.7% nucleotide difference). The presumed initiation codon of the S2 gene was absent from the sequence of V26. There was a large insertion within the long-terminal repeat (LTR) U3 hypervariable region of V26. In addition, there were minor mutations in gag (1.... Read More
10
C-terminal truncation of the transmembrane protein of an attenuated lentiviral vaccine alters its in vitro but not in vivo replication and weakens its potential pathogenicity.
Virus research
April 22, 2011
Volume 158, Issue 1-2 235-245 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.04.007
Jiang CG, Gao X, Ma J, Lin YZ, Wang XF, Zhao LP, Hua YP, Liu D, Zhou JH.Preliminary studies revealed that the gene of the gp45 transmembrane protein (TM) of the attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine strain EIAV(FDDV13) had a high frequency of a premature stop codon at position 261W, which generated a 154-residue truncation at the C-terminus. EIAV(FDDV-TM36), a recombinant virus with the TM truncated at the intracytoplasmic (CT) domain due to the presence of a stop codon, was constructed based on EIAV(FDDV)3-8, which is a proviral derivative of the vaccine. EIAV(FDDV-TM36) had a significantly reduced replication capability compared to EIAV(FDDV)3... Read More
10
Expression cloning and antigenic analysis of the nucleocapsid protein of equine arteritis virus.
Virus research
December 1, 1995
Volume 39, Issue 2-3 277-288 doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(95)00098-4
Chirnside ED, Francis PM, Mumford JA.A series of recombinant fusion proteins derived from equine arteritis virus (EAV) open reading frame (ORF) 7 have been used to define the immunoreactive region of the viral nucleocapsid (N) protein. Reactivities of recombinant N fusion proteins with post-infection equine sera in immunoblots and ELISAs indicate that the major nucleocapsid protein epitope is located within amino acid residues 1-69. In ELISAs two recombinant nucleocapsid fusion proteins containing residues 1-69 (rN1-69) and 1-28 (rN1-28) discriminated between pre- and post-infection, and pre- and post-vaccination serum samples. A... Bovine papillomavirus type 1 E2 and E7 proteins down-regulate Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in equine fibroblasts.
Virus research
January 28, 2010
Volume 149, Issue 1 124-127 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.01.008
Yuan ZQ, Bennett L, Campo MS, Nasir L.BPV-1 and less commonly BPV-2 are associated with the pathogenesis of equine skin tumours termed sarcoids. We recently documented the transcriptional changes that are induced by BPV-1 in equine fibroblasts using microarray analyses. TLR4 expression was found to be significantly down-regulated by BPV-1. In the present study, we show that TLR4 expression is significantly decreased following the exogenous expression of BPV-1 E2 and E7 in primary equine fibroblasts. The results were confirmed by the demonstration of increased TLR4 expression following siRNA suppression of BPV-1 E2 and E7 viral gen... Generation and characterization of an EICP0 null mutant of equine herpesvirus 1.
Virus research
December 9, 2003
Volume 98, Issue 2 163-172 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2003.09.007
Yao H, Osterrieder N, O'Callaghan DJ.The EICP0 gene (gene 63) of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) encodes an early regulatory protein that is a promiscuous trans-activator of all classes of viral genes. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) technology and RecE/T cloning were employed to delete the EICP0 gene from EHV-1 strain KyA. Polymerase chain reaction, Southern blot analysis, and DNA sequencing confirmed the deletion of the EICP0 gene and its replacement with a kanamycin resistance gene in mutant KyA. Transfection of rabbit kidney cells with the EICP0 mutant genome produced infectious virus, indicating that the EICP0 gene is not... Structural insights into NS5B protein of novel equine hepaciviruses and pegiviruses complexed with polymerase inhibitors.
Virus research
January 20, 2020
Volume 278 197867 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197867
de Albuquerque PPLF, Santos LHS, Antunes D, Caffarena ER, Figueiredo AS.Infections produced by hepaciviruses have been associated with liver disease in horses. Currently, at least three viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family are capable of producing a chronic infection in equines: non-primate hepacivirus (NPHV), Theiler's disease-associated virus (TDAV), and equine pegivirus (EPgV). The RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of viruses (RdRp) (NS5 protein), from the flavivirus family, use de novo RNA synthesis to initiate synthesis. The two antiviral drugs currently used to treat hepatitis C (HCV), sofosbuvir and dasabuvir, act on the viral NS5B polymerase as nucleos... Codon usage bias of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and its host adaption.
Virus research
March 3, 2023
Volume 328 199081 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199081
Wang H, Liu S, Lv Y, Wei W.Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an emerging zoonotic virus in the alphavirus genus. It can be transmitted to humans due to spillover from equid-mosquito cycles. The symptoms caused by VEEV include fever, headache, myalgia, nausea, and vomiting. It can also cause encephalitis in severe cases. The evolutionary features of VEEV are largely unknown. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the codon usage pattern of VEEV by computing a variety of indicators, such as effective number of codons (ENc), codon adaptation index (CAI), relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), on 130 VEEV ... Virological and molecular biological investigations into equine herpes virus type 2 (EHV-2) experimental infections.
Virus research
August 26, 1998
Volume 55, Issue 1 101-106 doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(98)00028-8
Borchers K, Wolfinger U, Ludwig H, Thein P, Baxi S, Field HJ, Slater JD.Two 18-month-old naturally reared ponies were used to investigate the pathogenicity of EHV-2. After dexamethasone treatment, pony 1 was inoculated intranasally with EHV-2 strain T16, which has been isolated from a foal with keratoconjunctivitis superficialis and pony 2 was similarly inoculated with strain LK4 which was originally isolated from a horse with upper respiratory tract disease. Following virus inoculation, pyrexia was not detected in either pony but both developed conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, and coughing. EHV-2 was detected in nasal mucus samples up to day 12 post infection (p.... Genomic comparison of bovine papillomavirus 1 isolates from bovine, equine and asinine lesional tissue samples.
Virus research
November 4, 2017
Volume 244 6-12 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.11.005
Koch C, Ramsauer AS, Drögemüller M, Ackermann M, Gerber V, Tobler K.Several attempts have been made to categorize equid- and bovid-specific bovine papillomavirus 1 (BPV1) isolates based on sequence tags. This study includes newly determined sequence information from 33 BPV1 isolates of equine, asinine and bovine origin and investigates sequence bias due to host species. Twenty of the viral genomes were sequenced over their entire length and a further thirteen were sequenced, including flanking sequences, at two specific sites, the LCR and the E5 ORF. Alignment and analyses of the sequences did not reveal statistically significant site differences between the s... Prevalence of equine hepacivirus infection in Mongolia.
Virus research
April 4, 2020
Volume 282 197940 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197940
Date T, Sugiyama M, Lkhagvasuren D, Wakita T, Oyunsuren T, Mizokami M.Equine hepacivirus (EHV) belongs to the hepacivirus A and is related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). This virus shows hepatic tropism and is known to chronically infect horses. EHV has been reported from various countries, but the prevalence in Mongolia, where large horse populations are pastured, remains unknown. This study collected serum samples from horses in six areas across Mongolia, in order to investigate the status of infection. The possibility of human infection was also examined. The results showed an infection rate among horses of about 40 % in all regions. However, no evidence of EHV ...