The protein lumps and bumps that are found on the neck and back of the horse are often eosinophilic granulomas. These are small, benign nodules that can develop under a horse's skin. They may occur as single bumps or develop in their hundreds spread across large areas of the horse’s body. Eosinophilic granulomas are generally asymptomatic and do not cause discomfort or health issues for the horse. The causes are not completely understood at this time, but the condition is associated with allergic reactions, insect bites, and other hypersensitivity factors. Although the condition may resolve on its own, lumps that persist can become mineralized, making treatment more difficult and recurrence more likely. Treatments include surgical removal and the administration of corticosteroids.

The horse's brain is responsible for managing and regulating all bodily functions and behaviours. The cerebellum, located at the back of the brain beneath the occipital lobes, plays a vital role in coordinating and fine-tuning motor movements. Equine Cerebellar Abiotrophy (CA) is an uncommon neurodegenerative disorder that mostly affects Arabian horses, although it can occur in other breeds. CA causes the death of certain brain cells, leading to issues with movement and balance. This condition is inherited when a horse gets two copies of the CA gene, one from each parent. Horses with only one copy are carriers; they don't show symptoms but can pass the gene to their offspring. Affected horses may show signs such as uncoordinated movements, head shaking, and frequent stumbling. To prevent CA, breeders use genetic testing to avoid mating two carrier horses, reducing the chance of producing affected foals. Understanding and managing CA helps ensure the health and well-being of horses.

Inguinal hernias, also known as scrotal hernias, are a condition where a horse's intestine slips through the inguinal canal and settles in the vaginal tunic. Inguinal rupture is where a horse’s intestine slips through a tear in the vaginal ring or vaginal tunic and settles outside of the vaginal tunic. In both cases, this condition has the potential to lead to severe complications. This condition can be present at birth or acquired, often occurring after castration. While relatively rare, inguinal hernias are a significant concern due to the risk of strangulation, where blood flow to the affected area is compromised. This can cause extreme pain and tissue death. It is also possible that this condition can lead to the need for full castration. Recognizing the symptoms, such as scrotal swelling and signs of colic, increases the likelihood of early detection and treatment. Understanding the risk factors, including breed predisposition and recent physical activities, can help in preventing and managing this condition.

Intussusception in horses describes a condition where a segment of the intestine folds inward on itself, like closing a telescope. This condition primarily affects younger horses, particularly foals, but is occasionally seen in mature horses. Intussusception can lead to severe complications such as intestinal blockage and tissue damage if not promptly addressed. The exact causes of intussusception are not fully understood. Factors like intestinal lesions, infections, and changes in diet are commonly associated with the condition. The characteristic symptom of intussusception is colic. Diagnosis is challenging and often necessitates surgery for both diagnosis and treatment. Outcomes for horses with intussusception vary based on the location and extent of the condition. Surgical outcomes are generally more favorable when the condition is promptly diagnosed and treated.

Conjunctivitis, also known as "pink eye", is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. This condition is the most common acquired eye disease in animals. Various factors can trigger conjunctivitis, including bacterial or viral infections, allergies, irritants, tumors, and trauma. It can manifest as a primary condition or as a secondary issue resulting from an underlying cause.

The conformation of a horse directly impacts their overall performance capacity, long-term soundness, and their potential in different disciplines of equestrian sport. The conformation of the hindlimbs is particularly important, as the hind legs provide the horse’s power, speed, and strength during performance events. Horses should have symmetrical conformation of the hindquarters, with straight legs when viewed from behind. When viewed from the side, the hocks should have a slight angulation, and the croup should have a gentle slope.

Horse owners have a vested interest in their horse's health, as health conditions can directly impact their horse's wellbeing, performance, and longevity. Understanding common horse diseases is crucial for anyone involved in equine care, as early recognition of the symptoms of disease can lead to better outcomes. This article covers 30 of the most common horse diseases in North America, to give horse owners and handlers an overview of their symptoms, causes, treatments, and preventative measures. Whether you own a single horse or manage an entire stable, this comprehensive guide aims to equip you with the knowledge needed to keep your equine companions healthy and thriving.